Status of monument -> National monument

Pursuant to Article V, para 4 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39, para 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 6 to 8 November 2012w the Commission adopted a

D E C I S I O N

I

The architectural ensemble of the former Paper Factory (“Papirna”) in Zenica is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).

The National Monument consists of:

a) the buildings constituting the factory complex together with the factory yard

b) the chimney

c) the handball court and stands

The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 848 and 849, cadastral municipality Zenica, Zenica Municipality, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07)

II

The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection and presentation of the National Monument.

            The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.

III

The following protection measures are hereby stipulated to apply to the area defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision:

-       conservation-restoration works and reconstruction works on the buildings in the factory complex are permitted, as is infill with new structures in a manner that will not compromise the historical and monument value of the buildings, along with works designed for the presentation of the monument. Prior to the works a project must be produced and approved by the federal ministry responsible for regional planning (hereinafter: the relevant ministry);

-       works of any kind on the National Monument may be carried out only with the approval of the relevant ministry and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority);

-       the buildings in the architectural ensemble may be adapted and possibly converted into museum, education or exhibition space or for some other use in a manner that will not compromise the value of the buildings, subject to a project approved by the relevant ministry and the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority.

Emergency protection measures are hereby prescribed for the chimney standing on c.p. no. 849:

-       the production of a report on the statics-structural stability of the chimney, and the implementation of urgent measures to preserve the structure of the chimney and proposed safety measures to protect the surrounding buildings, local residents and passers-by. The report must be approved by the relevant ministry, and the works on the chimney must be carried out with the approval and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority.

IV

All executive and area development planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.

V

Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.

VI

The Government of the Federation, the federal ministry responsible for regional planning, the Federation heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.

VII

The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba).

VIII

Pursuant to Article V, Para 4 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.

IX

This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.

This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović and Ljiljana Ševo.

No. 06.1-2.3-73/12-34    

7 November 2012

Sarajevo

Chair of the Commission

Ljiljana Ševo

E l u c i d a t i o n

I – INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.

On 14 September 2009 the Zenica Museum submitted a petition/proposal to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to designate the Paper Factory (Papirna) in Zenica as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.

Statement of Significance

The Paper Factory, formally opened on 25 May 1889, the Brown Coal Mine (opened in 1880) and the Zenica Iron Works (started up in 1892), were of major importance for the industrialization of Bosnia and Herzegovina, giving a powerful boost to the development of what was then a small town and its transformation into the city of Zenica. Each of these facilities was of considerable importance for the influx and employment of residents, the development of the infrastructure system and the spatial development of the city of Zenica.

The Paper Factory was also significant in that a workers’ housing development was built alongside it, linking the formerly isolated village of Bilino Polje with the urban settlement.

II – PRELIMINARY PROCEUDRE

In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:

-       details of the current condition and use of the property, including a description, architectural survey and photographs

-       an inspection of the current state of the property

-       a copy of the cadastral plan

-       historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.

Pursuant to Article V para. 2 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 37 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, before rendering a final decision designating a property as a national monument, the Commission is required to provide the owner of the proposed monument, the person submitting the petition, the institutions responsible for heritage, professional and academic institutions, experts and scholars, as well as other interested parties, to express their views.

On 14 September 2009 the Zenica Museum submitted a petition to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to designate the Paper Factory (Papirna) in Zenica as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (our ref. 02-35-11/09-42) of 14 September 2009. The Zenica Museum supplied additional documentation under cover of document 422/12 of 31 May 2012. The documentation supplied by the petitioner consists of:

-       copy of cadastral plan for c.p. nos. 848, 849 and 859(1), c.m. Zenica

-       copy of Land Register entry for plot no. 721/1, Land Register entry no. 2506, c.m. Zenica, Nar. No. 6173/2002

-       copy of Land Register entry for plots no. 716/2 and 721/4(2), Land Register entry no. 2506, c.m. Zenica, Nar. No. 2133/09

-       copy (8 A3 sheets) of the original Austro-Hungarian blueprints (plan of foundations, plan of ground floor, plan of first floor and attic, cross section, longitudinal section, elevation (view from SW: drawing of chimney) dated 1888

-       copy of photograph of the Factory (no date given, but undoubtedly taken during the Austro-Hungarian period

-       copy of drawings of the factory in its present state (site plan, main elevation/street front facing A. Borića St., south-east elevation, north-west rear elevation, south-west side elevation 1 (gym), north-east side elevation 2). Drawings by Mirsada Arslani, BSc.Arch, undated

-       photographs of the factory in its present state (5 x A4 sheets with 23 colour photographs)

-       basic guidelines for the rehabilitation of the property

-       excerpts from reference works on the history of the Papirna

-       photographs of the Papirna in its current state

-       elevations and 3D images of the Papirna (various proposals for its reconstruction by Bernard Bosjančić, Zenica, 2012

Accordingly, the Commission sent a letter ref. 06.1-35.2-5/12-87 of 16 May 2012 requesting documentation and views on the designation of the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the owner/occupant of the property (Brown Coal Mine Zenica d.o.o.), the petitioner (Zenica Museum), Zenica Municipality (Mayor, department responsible for urbanism and cadastre, department of proprietary rights, geodetics and cadastral affairs of Zenica Municipality, Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Zenica), the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning, the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport, and the Archives of BiH.

In response, the Commission has received the following documentation:

-       letter ref. 08-40-4-3867-1/12 of 21 May 2012 from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport notifying the Commission that the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica was listed by the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of BiH under the heading Papirna building with chimney, Branka Veseljaka St, Zenica, but was not a protected monument, and that the Institute has no documentation, but suggesting reference works where the Commission could find details of the property

-       letter ref. 043-0-SU-12-000 857 of 22 May 2012 from the Municipal Court in Zenica supplying the Commission with:

-         Land Register entry 2144 for plots no. 721/1, 721/4 and 716/2, c.m. SP_Zenica, of 17 May 2012

-         copy of a ruling of 4 April 1960 on a change of management for the real property c.p. no. 938/1, Land Register entry no. 2506, c.m. Zenica, from the Zenica brown coal mine to the Zenica electricity company

-         copy of ruling no. 03/2-9109/1-58 of 2 March 1960 and copy of a ruling of 23 November 1948 relating to the registration of the right of ownership of a large number(3) of real properties in favour of the Zenica Brown Coal Museum, copy Dn. No. 345/48

-         copy of a Deed of Sale of 30 April 1914, issued by the Land Register of the District Court in Zenica

-         copy of Decision of 30 April 1914

-         copy of a Deed of Sale of 14 August 1911

-         copy of a Declaration on deletion of 12 June 1919

-       under cover of document ref. 8458/12 of 5 June 2012, Zenica Brown Coal Mine d.o.o. a subsidiary company of the public corporation Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. Sarajevo, supplied the Commission with information on the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica, stating that in 1991, after the Zenica mine went into liquidation, the 21 December company of Zenica was appointed to administer the mine. Since then the property has been used to accommodate bachelor workers and the families of employees of the Zenica mine and the 21 December co (the companies involved in the liquidation process). According to the records, “51 separate housing units (rooms) are in use”.(4) It is proposed, as stated in the said document, “that when rendering a final decision on the status of the said property you bear in mind that it is being used as living quarters by the Zenica Brown Coal Mine and UTTP(5) 21 December of Zenica”

After learning from the media on 2 August 2012 that there was a risk the chimney would collapse, the Commission notified the owner/occupant of the property (Brown Coal Mine Zenica d.o.o.), the petitioner (Zenica Museum), Zenica Municipality (Mayor, department responsible for urbanism and cadastre, department of proprietary rights, geodetics and cadastral affairs of Zenica Municipality, Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Zenica), the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport of the status of the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica. In response, the Commission received the following documentation:

-       letter ref. 02-49-15513/12 of 7 August 2012 from Zenica Municipality supplying the Commission with information on the compromised stability and bearing capacity of the chimney of the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica (cracks and damage resulting from the earthquakes that struck Zenica on 27/28 and 30 July 2012)

The Commission responded to the Mayor of Zenica in letter ref. 06.1-35.6-50/12-11 of 16 August 2012, requesting documentation on the damage to the chimney, with a statics engineer’s report and the ruling on the demolition of the chimney. The letter was also sent to the owner/occupant of the property (Brown Coal Mine Zenica d.o.o.), the petitioner (Zenica Museum), the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport. In response, the Commission received the following documentation from Zenica Municipality, under cover of document 02-49-16238/12 of 17 August 2012:

-       ruling by the Buildings Inspection Division of the Inspectorate no. 10-23-02-3699-1/12-00 of 2 August 2012 on the demolition of the industrial chimney of the Papirna Factory, Saliha M. Cakana St., Zenica

-       statics engineer’s report on the Papirna chimney produced by the Zenica public corporation for spatial planning and city planning no. 03-1-9182/2 of 1 August 2012.

The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the property are as follows:

1. Details of the property

Location

Papirna is located in the Bilino Polje quarter of the town, at no. 1 Saliha Cakana Mulalića St. From the on site visit conducted on 20 June 2012 and an inspection of the copy of the cadastral plan supplied(6), the complex of the former Papirna Paper Factory is located on cadastral plots 848, 849 and 859, c.m. Zenica.

Historical background

The paper factory in Zenica was founded by one of Austria’s leading paper manufacturers, Eduard Musil von Mollenbruck. The correspondence between Musil and Kállay(7) prior to the construction of the paper factory in Zenica reveals that it was Kállay’s intention to locate the factory in Tuzla(8), but after visiting Bosnia in July 1886, Eduard Musil decided to build it in Zenica.

Eduard Musil duly submitted the plans for the factory, and on 1 September 1886 signed a concession agreement with the Provincial Government, under the terms of which the Government ceded a plot and water rights to Musil. In return, Musil was to pay the Government a fee in ten interest-free annual instalments, starting the year after the start of production. In the first five years of production, the factory was to receive 6,000 m3 of wood free of charge, followed for the next five years by 10,000 m3 at a cost of 50% of the forestry fee, which was then 2 forints per m3 of wood. The factory used as its basic raw material cellulose-rich timber from the Nemila and Lašva forest area. The coal required to power the factory machinery was provided by the Zenica mine at a cost of 25% of the sale price for the first five years of production and 50% for the next five years. A branch of the Zenica to Brod railway line was laid to the factory, a length of 700 m, financed by the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the factory was also granted concessionary transport charges.

While Musil was granted a range of tax and fee concessions and other privileges, the agreement also ensured that every government institution and corporation would procure its paper exclusively from Musil’s factory.

Based on Musil’s plans, the Government’s Civil Engineering Department in Sarajevo estimated the construction costs of the paper factory in Zenica at 90,000 forints. However, on completion of the project, Eduard Musil owed the Government 160,615.66 forints for the late and buildings, with the total investment, including machinery (installed production capacity) was about half a million forints.

Following a trial run, the factory was formally opened on 25 May 1889 at a ceremony attended by the administrator of Bosnia, Benjamin von Kállay, and numerous government advisers and other prominent figures. The paper factory was registered at the District Court in Travnik under the name “Privileged Paper and Wood Processing Factory of Eduard Musil in Zenica,” with its headquarters in Vienna. The factory was equipped to manufacture all kinds of writing, printing and wrapping paper as well as final wood products. Its annual production capacity was 1,200 to 1,400 tonnes of paper products, with a value of 600,000 to 800,000 crowns, and had a workforce of about 130(9).

There was a steep rise in the population of Bilino between 1885 and 1895, when the industrialization of Zenica began. The population rose by 520, an almost four-fold increase(10).

The Government’s contribution to the supply of pine and fir timber was 3.81 forints per cubic metre, as compared with the Iron Works’ 0.28 kreutzers per 100 kg/per kilometre. This meant that the Zenica paper factory paid 4,103.73 forints a year for its raw materials during the first five years, rising to 15,471.89 forints over the next five-year period. In other words, during the factory’s first five years it paid 0.685 forints per cubic metre of timber against the Government’s 3.81 forints, while during the next five years the factory paid 1.545 forints per cubic metre and the Government 2.81 forints. In fact, the Government not only made generous hand-outs to the paper factory in Zenica, recording losses as a result, but paid 7.50 forints a pack for the writing paper and 25 kreuzers per pack for the wrapping paper produced in Zenica, though it could have purchased writing paper made in Hungary and on sale in Sarajevo for 5.95 forints per pack, and wrapping paper for 14 kreuzers per pack. In his 1892 reports, Benjamin von Kállay justified this arrangement with the argument that it was the duty of the Government to support the Zenica factory by purchasing its products, because they were made of raw materials from Bosnia and Herzegovina by a local workforce(11).

In 1907, in the explanation accompanying the Provincial Government’s request to purchase paper from Austrian companies, the Ministry gave a comparison of the prices of twenty different kinds of paper, concluding that the Zenica factory’s prices were 148% higher than those of Austrian factories. Furthermore, the paper was of average quality, and the cigarette paper produced in Zenica of such poor quality that the Provincial Government wanted to pay Eduard Musil to stop manufacturing it. Despite this, the monopoly tobacco manufacturer continued to purchase the cigarette paper produced in Zenica.

Even with all its concessions, privileges and rights, the project to build the paper factory in Zenica was doomed from the outset. Eduard Musil wrote to the Ministry on many occasions from 1893 to 1908 expressing his concerns. After studying the correspondence(12), which is kept in the Archives of BiH, Peter Sugar found that Eduard Musil’s letters explained very clearly the reasons for the failure of the Zenica factory. He had built it on the assumption that it would operate round the clock 365 days a year and would thus be able to manufacture paper at the competitive prices achieved by paper manufacturers in Austria. Though Musil was aware that paper consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina was low, he assumed, wrongly, that production would increase sharply. From 1893 on, the factory was in operation for only four months in the year. Musil tried to rectify matters in 1907 by reorganization production and hiring his son-in-law, a capable engineer, but a year later, in 1908, the factory closed down.

When the factory first went into operation, Musil’s enterprise had many advantages: cheap raw materials, a cheap labour force and, above all, considerable support from the Provincial Government. For Benjamin von Kállay, as administrator of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the construction of a paper factory in the country was further evidence of his success as administrator and his political function, so that he paid too little attention to the project’s sustainability, while the industrialist Eduard Musil paid the price for wrongly forecasting the future increase in paper consumption and, despite all the concessions he obtained, had finally to abandon the project.

After the concessions and contract expired, Eduard Musil dismantled the machinery in 1910 and took it to Vienna, and the factory buildings were sold to a consortium of merchants in Sarajevo, who planned to build an iron works in Zenica. The venture failed, and the consortium sold the factory buildings to the mining company, which handed them over to the Zenica brown coal mine for its requirements(13).

The deeds of sale and other documentation on changes of ownership of the Paper Factory in Zenica supplied by the Municipal Court in Zenica(14) provide the following details:

Pursuant to a Deed of Sale of 14 August 1911, on 28 August 1911 the District Court in Zenica issued a decision that the property registered under Land Register entry no. 1217, c.m. Zenica, property of engineer Josip Sobieczky, son of the late Ludwig. Of Zenica (“now in Gabersdorf in Styria”), sold at the agreed price of 170,000 crowns, be registered as rightful owners to Girolama Salom son of the late Giuseppe of Sarajevo as to 1/6; Anton Szirmay son of the late Jakov of Sarajevo as to 1/6; Elias E. Kajon, son of Ezra of Sarajevo as to 1/6; Abraham M. Altarac son of the late Majer of Sarajevo as to 1/6; Osmanaga Mehmedić son of the late Hajji Avdija of Zenica as to 1/6, and Lazar Jeftić son of the late Risto of Zenica as to 1/6.

In April 1914 Lazar Jeftić(15) sold his 1/6 share of the property to Girolama Salom(16) (c.p. nos. 717, 723, 720, 718, 716, 719, 721, 722, 784,.. Land Register entry 1217, c.m. Zenica).

The correspondence between the Zenica Brown Coal Mine and the District Court in Zenica reveals that the corporations were nationalized in the period 1948 to 1951, and that the property was ceded to the Zenica Brown Coal Mine to administer.

Both before and after World War II there was a café in Papirna, known by the same name, which was famous for its fancy-dress balls(17).

2. Description of the property

We learn from a study of the time and place where the Paper Factory was located that it was built “at the easternmost end of the area that was built up during the Austro-Hungarian period. The topographical conditions of the site were: an alluvial plain, close to the coal mine and railway line and to the local dirt road from the railway station to the River Bosnia, which even then was beginning to serve as the main road of the new part of the settlement. In broader geographical terms, the site of the Paper Factory is in the central area of Zenica, on the main railway line.”(18)  

“The framework of the development of Austro-Hungarian Zenica, along with its natural circumstances, was dictated by the location of major economic, administrative and communications facilities and roads, which were located on the outskirts of the town and on the unbuilt-up area north of the town. It was within the area bounded to the south by Kočeva mahala, to the west by the railway station, the mine and Polje slopes, to the north by the iron works and the railway line, and to the east by the Paper Factory, the village of Bilino Polje, and the River Bosna, on an area of 500 x 1000 m, that the development of Zenica in the Austro-Hungarian period largely took place.”(19)  

In layout, the old paper factory consists of a complex of functionally interrelated premises. In simple terms, the much-ramified factory complex forms the Cyrillic letter П in plan, with sides of unequal length(20).

The complex ground-plan geometric form of the building is the result of its technical and manufacturing requirements: the delivery, reception and storage of cellulose-rich timber and the conveyor-belt manufacturing process, from processing the timber to the end-product, paper, and the temporary warehousing of the finished product before its despatch to the customer.

The branch railway line(21) used for incoming raw material, consumables and spare parts and outgoing finished products, led into the factory yard from the north-west. The yard is surrounded by the three ranges of the building:

-       the north-east range, measuring on the outside approx [14.10 x 21.70 m] + 19.35 x [21/70 + 13.60] + [7.75 x 22.70 m] (22)

-       the south-east range, measuring on the outside approx. 63.30 x 9.20/(23) 11.20 m

-       the south-west range, measuring on the outside approx. 9.20 x 34.00 m.

The factory yard itself is L shaped in plan, measuring approx. [18.80 x 42.60 m] + [7.75 x 12.60 m]. In it were two railway tracks, set about 4.50 m apart. The nearer track was about 5.25 m from the north-east range and about 13.55 m from the south-west range.

The boiler-house at the northernmost end of the north-east range was partly below ground, about 2 m below the level of the rest of the factory complex, in a single-storey building measuring on the outside about 14.10 x 21.70 m with a ceiling height of about 5 metres, and a gabled roof. Fuel was brought to the boiler-house by a 2.2 metre wide ramp with a slope of about 18 degrees to the north of the boiler-house. The boiler-house had brick walls approx. 60 cm thick and a timber-framed roof consisting of a combination of hanging trusses and queen posts. The roof was clad with grooved tiles, and had galvanized iron flashings and gutters.

Later, when the premises were converted, the underground part of the boiler-house was turned into storerooms, and the roof space was partitioned off and converted into a flat. Four dormer windows with gabled roofs were installed on the north side of the roof. The ramp (northwest-south-east) was turned at about 90 degrees from its original position, to abut against the outer wall of the north-east range, probably because it was in the way of the newly laid road north of the factory.

The factory chimney is about 2.10 m east of the boiler-house. It has three stages: the foundation, base and shaft, topped by a cap. On the Austro-Hungarian blueprint, the height of the chimney above ground to the cowl is about 36 m, and the foundations are about 8 m deep below ground. The foundations are stepped, from about 7.30 m square at the base through 6.70 m, 6.10 m, 5.50 m and 4.90 m square, rising respectively by 1, 2, 2, 2, and 1 m.

The base of the chimney is 7 m in overall height, in four sections, the lowest with a height of approx. 1.40 m, the next with a height of 0.40 m, the next with a height of approx. 5.40 m (with sides of 3.90 m), and the top section with a row of brackets carrying the moulded string course of the base. The transition from the square base to the octagonal shaft of the chimney is effected by a rectangular rounded shallow pyramidal form(24).

The chimney was built of solid brick, with a circular flue line with a uniform diameter of 140 cm and outer walls forming an octagon. Above the base the chimney was built with an entasis achieved by gradually increasing the thickness of the chimney walls: at the base of the entasis, at a height of approx. 9.30 m(25), the outer diameter is 3.40 m, while at the top of the chimney the outer diameter is approx. 2.00 m (i.e. tapering towards the top). Level with the base of the chimney, the wall is approx. 1.25 m thick, while at 9.30 m(26) it is approx. 1.00 m thick, at the top approx. 50 cm thick.

The chimney cap was finished rather differently from the proposed design. Over the 2 metres above a string course at a height of approx. + 34.00 m, i.e. to the very top of the chimney, the bricks forming the chimney wall were staggered progressively slightly further outwards course by course instead of flush, to finish off the octagonal shaft.

The north-east range, lying east-west south of the boiler-house, contained the following premises:

-       the machine room (Machinen-haus), measuring approx. 7.50 x 20.50 m on the inside, located south of the boiler-house. The machine room rises through three storeys in height, and was originally open to the roof, probably to accommodate the large machinery. It is lit by five windows of approx. 1.30 x 3.80 m in the north wall. The machine room was built of brick, with walls about 60 cm thick at ground-floor level and 45 cm above. The timber roof trusses consist of king posts, the cladding was grooved tiles, and the roof pitch is approx. 35 degrees. The flashings and gutters are of galvanized iron, and the south roof pane is clad in places with sheet metal(27). During alterations to the building, the machine room was divided into three storeys, with the upper two storeys used as living quarters;

-       to the east of the machine room is the pump room (Pumpenhaus), measuring approx. 7.50 x 7.50 m on the inside. This formerly contained an L-shaped staircase in the south-east corner, leading to the wood-processing podium(28). The remarks concerning the machine room also hold good for the pump room, except that in the later alterations the pump room was turned into the main stairwell with corridors leading to the flats. This part of the building now has four storeys and a hipped wooden roof clad with asbestos tiles, probably during later interventions;

-       to the east of the pump room was the workshop (Workshalle), measuring approx. 7.50 x 4.90 on the inside. The remarks concerning the workshop also hold good for the workshop, which is now used as living quarters.

The north-east range, south of the boiler room, pump room and workshop, contained:

-       a timber store (Holzpulzerei), measuring approx. 12.00 x 10.05 m on the inside. This was a single-storey brick-built structure with a ceiling height of approx. 4.50 m and walls approx. 60 cm thick. The timber roof consisted of queen posts, the cladding was grooved tiles, and the roof pitch was approx. 35 degrees; the flashings and gutters were of galvanized iron. Later the ground floor was turned into storage space and the roof space was partitioned and turned into flats. Two dormer windows with gabled roofs were installed on the south side of the roof;

-       the printing plant (Maschinensaal), measuring on the inside approx. [20.70 x 14.20 m] + [7.30 x 29.00 m] on the ground floor and gallery, which was at +4.00 m, and the timber-processing podium (Podium für Defribreure u Hollander), measuring on the inside approx. [6.20 x 8.50] + [7.30 x 29.00] m. The proposed design for the ceiling structure of the gallery was to be provided in a separate project(29).

The printing plant and timber-processing podium were under the same roof, consisting of two interconnected gabled roofs with a span of 2 x 10.75 m and a shared valley, lying north-south. The structural solution of these premises is interesting: the roof structure of the interconnected roofs rested on common main beams about 21.50 m long which were carried at midpoint by piers with headtrees, about 7.14 m high and 4.16 m apart, set directly below the roof beams. The problem of drainage from the long roof valley, which was about 29 m long, was resolved by discharging the water through the hollow cores of the uprights, suggesting that they must have been made as hollow steel profiles of square section.

The ground floor was later divided by partition walls into premises used as various business premises, and the attic space was divided and converted into flats. To light the many flats and rooms, two vertical light shafts were introduced, rising from the ground floor to the top of the building. Six dormer windows with gabled roofs were installed on the east side of the roof, and two on the west.

            The south-east range, measuring on the outside approx. 63.30 x 9.20/11.20 m(30), contained:

-       on the ground floor to the east, an office (Kanzlei) measuring on the inside approx. 7.00 x 7.70 m, and a store room, measuring on the inside approx. 6.0 x 7.70 m

-       above the office and store room, a glue-room (Lein-Kuche), measuring on the inside approx. 8.00 x 13.90 m

-       on the ground floor to the west, a paper machine room (Papier-Maschine) measuring on the outside approx. [12.00 x 10.00 m] + 28.00 x 8.00 m]

A feature of this part of the south-east range is that the ceilings over the ground-floor rooms were constructing to the Hennebique system, with primary bearing beams of NPI steel beams and a secondary structure of shallow brick arches, the five arches of which rested on NPI beams set approx. 1.92 m apart (on the east side of the range) and 2.10 m apart (on the west side of the range). This system was always used in the Austro-Hungarian period for structures required to bear heavy loads. When the range consisted of its original ground-floor plus roof-space, the roof space of the south-east range must undoubtedly have been used as a warehouse.

The ground floor was later divided by partition walls into premises used as various business premises (offices, a beer hall, a furniture showroom and so on). The attic space was also divided and converted into flats. Six dormer windows with gabled roofs were installed on the south side of the gabled roof.

The south-west range, measuring on the outside approx. 9.20 x 34.00 m, contained:

-       on the north side of the ground floor, two offices (Kanzlei) measuring on the inside approx. 3.00 x 8.00 m and 6.00 x 8.00 m

-       in the middle of the range, the paper room (Papier-Saal), measuring on the inside approx. 23.80 x 8.00 m.

This range of the factory is a single-storey building with a ceiling height of approx. 4.50 m, with brick walls about 60 cm thick. The timber roof trusses consist of queen posts, the cladding was grooved tiles, and the roof pitch is approx. 35 degrees. The flashings and gutters are of galvanized iron.

The former paper room is now in use by the Čelik Handball Club as a sports hall, and by a cultural and art society. The attic space at the south corner of this range has been altered by the addition of an upper storey with three small flats. This has a hipped roof clad with grooved tiles.

The factory grounds also include a handball court with stands, to the west of the south-west wing, on c.p. no. 859, c.m. Zenica, which in ownership terms is part of the former Papirna.

The ground floor wall of the south-east façade bears a stone plaque with the following inscription:

OUTSIDE THIS BUILDING, ON 14 MAY 1906,

THE UNITED WORKERS OF THE ZENICA

CORPORATIONS BEGAN TO HOLD

ORGANIZED DEMONSTRATIONS AND STRIKES

TO DEMAND BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS.

In 1975 the paper factory in Zenica inspired Alija Isaković(31) to write his drama Papirna, which TV Sarajevo made into a television drama in 1978(32).

3. Legal status to date

The Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport notified the Commission(33) that the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica was listed by the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of BiH under the heading Papirna building with chimney, Branka Veseljaka St, Zenica.

4. Research and conservation-restoration works

No details of any conservation-restoration works were found while collection documentation for the purpose of designating the property as a national monument.

Comparing the 1888 Austro-Hungarian blueprints of the paper factory and its outward appearance (it features on an Austro-Hungarian postcard with a view of the factory taken from the east) with its present state, and bearing in mind the frequent changes of ownership of the factory complex and the various changes of use to the premises, it is clear that a number of alterations to both the exterior measurements and the form of the volumes of the property have been made.

This extremely complex property, with several different entrances and staircases, currently has business premises on the ground floor (eight in all), and 46 flats on the upper floors and attic storeys. These changes have been described in Clause 2 above, Description of the property.

In 2012 Bernard Bosjančić BSc., working in association with the petitioner, Zenica Museum, produced various designs for the possible revitalization of the complex with the introduction of new facilities, with a drawing of the reconstruction of the façades and a 3D image of the Papirna factory. During this phase (the next being currently under way), the designer did not deal with the reconstruction, revitalization or interpolation of organic structural features, but only with the outward appearance of the factory complex.

The plan is to revitalize the property and introduce new facilities: a museum depot, studies, youth hostel and such like.

5. Current condition of the property

With the exception of the part of the property now containing the sports hall, which is well maintained, the property is generally in a state of neglect.

The various unplanned partitions, the result of ad-hoc, unprofessional designs, make it very hard to find one’s way around the property. However, a careful study of the original documentation and of the current state of the property made it possible to reconstruct its original appearance(34).

Following the earthquake that struck Zenica on 27/28 and 30 July 2012, the problem of the compromised stability and bearing capacity of the Papirna Paper Factory chimney became acute, with cracks and damage resulting from the earthquake. The Commission to Preserve National Monument was contacted in this regard by Zenica Municipality, which supplied the Commission with the statics engineer’s report on the state of the chimney(35) and the ruling on the demolition of the chimney(36).

The statics engineer’s report on the Papirna chimney states: “The chimney was built about 120 years ago, and thus constitutes or must be treated as a historic property. As a result the principle of preserving the historical value of the built heritage must be taken into account.’’

“Even before the recent succession of earthquakes, the structure was in a dilapidated and ruinous state, and was worthy of repair. The structure is currently affected by many readily observable cracks, both on the lower, square part with a height of 6 m and on the upper shaft. A transverse crack can be seen at about 10 to 12 m from the top of the chimney, extending around the entire circumference, indicating that there is a serious risk of its falling. Cracks can also be seen on the vertical geometry of the chimney, indicating that there is ... to the mass of the chimney and changes to its vertical measurements. The bearing capacity and stability of the chimney are undoubtedly compromised and it is quite possible that further earthquakes or high winds could bring the chimney down altogether. It should definitely be borne in mind that there is housing very near the chimney, and that in its present condition it is a real threat to the lives of these people as well as to the surrounding buildings.”

III – CONCLUSION

Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.

The Decision was based on the following criteria:

A.         Time frame

B.         Historical value

D.         Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)

D.i.       material evidence of a lesser known historical era

D.ii.      evidence of historical change

D.iii.     work of a major artist or builder

D.iv.     evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner

E.         Symbolic value

E.v.      significance for the identity of a group of people

F.         Townscape/ Landscape value

F.ii.       meaning in the townscape

F.iii.      the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site

G.         Authenticity

G.v.      location and setting

G.vi.     spirit and feeling

G.vii.    other internal and external factors

The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:

-       Ownership documentation

-         copy of cadastral plan c.p. nos. 848, 849 and 850, c.m. Zenica, issued on 22 February 1999 by the Department of Proprietary Rights, Geodetics and Real Property Cadastre, Zenica Municipality

-         Land Register entry for plots 721/1, 721/4 and 716/2, c.m. SP_Zenica, issued by the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Zenica on 17 May 2012

-       Documentation on previous protection of the property

-         letter from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport ref. 07-40-3867-1/12 of 21 May 2012

-       Photodocumentation

-         photographs of the architectural ensemble of the former Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica taken on 20 June 2012 by architect Emir Softić using Olympus SP-350 digital camera

-         copy of a photograph of the factory, date unknown/not indicated, but undoubtedly dating from the Austro-Hungarian period

-       Technical documentation

-         copies (8 x A3 sheets of original Austro-Hungarian blueprints, drawings dated 1888):

plan of foundations

plan of ground floor

plan of first floor and attic

cross sections

longitudinal section

oelevation (view from south-west)

executive plan of chimney with all elements: view, sections

-         copy of drawings of the current state of the property by Mirsada Arslani BSc.Arch, undated:

site plan

main elevation/street front facing A. Borića St

south-east elevation

north-west rear elevation

south-west side elevation 1 (gym)

north-east side elevation 2

Bibliography

During the procedure to designate the architectural ensemble of the former Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:

1957.    Hrelja, Kemal. Zenica i njena okolina (Zenica and environs). Sarajevo: 1957.

1963.    Sugar, Peter F. Industrialization of Bosnia-Hercegovina 1878-1918. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1963.

1968.    Bjeletović, Miloš. Zenica i njena okolina: ekonomskogeografska studija (Zenica and environs: an economic geography study). Sarajevo: Djela Naučnog društva NR Bosne i Hercegovine; 31. Djela Odjeljenja društvenih nauka; 18, 1968.

1998.    Jovic, Vlastimir. Zenica koje vise nema: reporterske skice iz stare Zenice (the Zenica that is no more: a reporter’s sketches from old Zenica). Zenica: Citizens’ Forum of Zenica, 1998.

Documentation supplied by Zenica Museum

(1) The enclosed copy of the cadastral plan covered numerous cadastral plots, but according to the details supplied by the petitioner, the Papirna Paper Factory is located on c.p. nos. 848, 849 and 859, c.m. Zenica. The copy of the cadastral plan was issued on 22 February 1999 by the Department of Proprietary Rights, Geodetics and Real Property Cadastre of Zenica Municipality. 

(2) The copy of the Land Register entry supplied was issued on 29 June 2099 by the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Zenica.

(3) Note: the text of the copy is not clear (op. E. Softić).

(4) Quote from the document (op. E. Softić)

(5) 21 December Catering, Trade and Tourism Co. of Zenica (op. E. Softić).

(6) copy of cadastral plan c.p. nos. 848, 849 and 850, c.m. Zenica, issued on 22 February 1999 by the Department of Proprietary Rights, Geodetics and Real Property Cadastre, Zenica Municipality, supplied by the petitioner.

(7) Benjamin von Kállay (1839-1903), Hungarian and Austro-Hungarian politician. Served as Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister and administrator of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1882 to 1903.

(8) Kállay wrote to his friend Vuković of Tuzla asking him to find a site for Musil for his visit later to Bosnia. (Sugar, Peter F, Industrialization of Bosnia-Hercegovina 1878-1918, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1963, 139)

(9) Jović, Vlastimir, Zenica koje vise nema, 1998, 61

(10) Bjeletović, Miloš, Zenica i njena okolina: ekonomskogeografska studija, 1968, 69. Translator’s note: the sentence is not clear, but the figure of 520 suggests that the rise in population refers only to Bilino, not to Zenica as a whole

(11) Sugar, Peter F, 1963, 140

(12) Sugar, Peter F, 1963, 141

(13) Hrelja, Kemal, Zenica i njena okolina, Sarajevo: 1957, 103-104

(14) Documentation supplied under cover of document no. 043-0-SU-12-000 857 of 22.05.2012

(15) Lazar Jeftić son of the late Risto of Zenica

(16) Girolama Salom son of the late Giuseppe of Sarajevo

(17) Jović, Vlastimir, Zenica koje vise nema, 1998, 67

(18) Bjeletović, Miloš, Zenica i njena okolina: ekonomskogeografska studija, 1968, 65-66

(19) Bjeletović, Miloš, Zenica i njena okolina: ekonomskogeografska studija, 1968, 66

(20) (op. E. Softić)

(21) Overall length of 700 m (op. E. Softić)

(22) The measurements by which the “jump” in the footprint may be visualized are expressed in this way on account of the complex form and ramified factory premises (op. E. Softić)

(23) The range is of different widths: 9,20 m and 11,20 m (op. E. Softić)

(24) The rounded pyramid has a base of approx. 4.30 m and a height of approx 60 cm (op. E. Softić)

(25) The base spot height  0,00 is ground level (op. E. Softić)

(26) The base spot height  0,00 is ground level (op. E. Softić)

(27) Probably as the result of repairs to the roof, as one can see that the sheet metal has been slid under the tiles and ridge tiles (op. E. Softić).

(28) The podium is described below (op. E. Softić)

(29) As indicated in the description on the drawing of cross-section A-B (op. E. Softić)

(30)  The range is of different widths: 9.20 and 11.20 m (op. E. Softić)

(31) Alija Isaković (Bitunja near Stolac, 1932-Sarajevo, 1997), novelist, short-story writer, author of plays for radio, television and the stage, travel chronicler, aphorist, lexicographer and historian of language and literature.

(32) The 1978 television drama Papirna, from the play by Alija Isaković, produced by TV Sarajevo, was directed by Aleksander Jevđević, and the leading roles were played by Dragan Jovićević, Velimir Životić, Zaim Muzaferija, Adem Ćejvan, Aleksandar Mičić, Josip Pejaković and Muharem Osmić.

(33) letter ref. 08-40-4-3867-1/12 of 21 May 2012.

(34) It should be noted that the last two official occupants of the property (the Zenica Mine and the 21 December company of Zenica) are in serious financial difficulties and in liquidation (under cover of document ref. 8458/12 of 5 June 2012, Zenica Brown Coal Mine d.o.o. a subsidiary company of the public corporation Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. Sarajevo, supplied the Commission with information on the Papirna Paper Factory in Zenica) It should also be borne in mind that in 1991, when the Zenica Mine went into liquidation, the property was entrusted to the 21 December company of Zenica to administer, that since then the property has been used as bachelor workers’ accommodation and to house the families of employees of the Zenica Mine and 21 December company (both in liquidation). According to the records, “51 separate housing units (rooms” are in use.” (Quoted from the document referred to above [op. E. Softić]) It is proposed, as stated in the said document, “that when rendering a final decision on the status of the said property you bear in mind that it is being used as living quarters by the Zenica Brown Coal Mine and UTTP 21 December of Zenica.” (UTTP 21 December of Zenica: 21 December Catering, Trade and Tourism Co. of Zenica [op. E. Softić])

(35) statics engineer’s report on the Papirna chimney produced by the Zenica public corporation for spatial planning and city planning no. 03-1-9182/2 of 1 August 2012.

(36) ruling by the Buildings Inspection Division of the Inspectorate no. 10-23-02-3699-1/12-00 of 2 August 2012 on the demolition of the industrial chimney of the Papirna Factory, Saliha M. Cakana St., Zenica.