Status of monument -> National monument
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 26 to 28 March 2012 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The historic site of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Kose in Crnići, Municipality Kreševo, is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument consists of a necropolis with 26 stećak tombstones.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 2044, title deed no. 185, Land Register entry no. 185, c.p. no. 2045/1, title deed no. 315, Land Register entry no 315, cadastral municipality Crnići, Municipality Kreševo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of t the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the area defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- all works are prohibited other than investigative and conservation-restoration works, routine maintenance works, and works designed for the presentation of the monument, with the approval of the federal ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority);
- the site of the National Monument shall be open and accessible to the public, and may be used for educational and cultural purposes;
- works on the infrastructure are permitted subject to the approval of the relevant ministry and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority;
- the refurbishment of the necropolis and repairs to any damage are permitted solely subject to first drawing up a plan for repairs, restoration and conservation and to the approval of the relevant ministry, and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority;
- the removal of lichen and moss from the stećaks is prohibited;
- by way of exception to the above provision, the stećaks may be cleaned if required to examine the epigraphic or decorative features of a stećak, subject to first compiling a report and obtaining the approval of the relevant ministry. The report should be based on such biological, chemical, physical and other analyses as a conservator considers necessary, and should include appropriate conservation measures and an assessment of the impact of cleaning methods on the stone;
- the area is an archaeological site, and investigative works must therefore be carried out in the presence of an archaeologist;
- the dumping of waste is prohibited.
The Government of the Federation shall be responsible in particular for ensuring that the following measures are carried out:
- conducting a geodetic survey of the site;
- drawing up a plan for the repair, restoration, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The plan for the repair, restoration, conservation and presentation of the National monument shall cover:
- archaeological investigations of the site of the National Monument;
- making good the north-west side of the site and setting overturned stećaks upright;
- tidying the necropolis and removing self-sown vegetation;
- the routine maintenance of the monument.
IV
All movable artefacts found during the course of the archaeological survey shall be deposited in the nearest museum able to provide the necessary personnel, material and technical conditions or in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, processed, and suitably presented.
All movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the archaeological investigations shall be professionally analyzed.
Upon completion of the archaeological works the archaeologist in charge of the investigations shall submit a report to the Commission and to the institution that conducted the investigations.
The archaeologist leading the investigations must have access to all the movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the investigations and until his/her report is completed, for a period not exceeding three years.
All immovable finds shall be conserved in situ as the archaeological investigations proceed, and the movable archaeological material shall be conserved and placed for safe keeping in a suitable storage facility.
Upon receipt of a report on the investigations conducted, the Commission shall identify which movable artefacts shall be subject to protection measures to be determined by the Commission.
The removal of the movable artefacts referred to in para. 1 above from Bosnia and Herzegovina is prohibited.
By way of exception to the provisions of paragraph 7 of this Clause, if the leader of the investigations determines that a given archaeological artefact must be processed abroad, and provides evidence to that effect to the Commission, the Commission may permit the temporary removal of the artefact from the country subject to detailed conditions for its export, treatment while out of the country and return to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
V
All executive and area development planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.
VI
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VII
The Government of the Federation, the relevant ministry, the heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to VI of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VIII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba)
IX
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, and Ljiljana Ševo.
No.: 05.2-2.3-73/12-4
26 March 2012
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Amra Hadžimuhamedović
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
On 3 October 2011 the Society for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Values of Kreševo submitted a proposal to designate the mediaeval necropolis with stećak tombstones in the village of Crnići, Kreševo Municipality, as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Statement of significance
Stećci form part of an unbroken sepulchral continuity in Bosnia that reaches far back into prehistoric times, and are clearly associated with the older sites of prehistoric settlements and places of worship, agglomerations and burial grounds dating from antiquity, late antique and early mediaeval churches and fortified towns. Their origins and evolution may be traced from the mid 12th to the early 16th century.
The tombstones at Kose are of local stone, and are all recumbent monoliths – slabs, chest-shaped and gabled or sarcophagus-like – lying southwest-northeast. A feature of the necropolis is that they are relatively large. Only one of the 26 stećaks – two slabs, 19 chests and five gabled – is decorated: the top of no. 14 bears a raised rectangle.
II – PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description, architectural survey and photographs
- An inspection of the current condition of the property
- A copy of the cadastral plans
- A copy of the Land Register entries
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision
Pursuant to Article V para. 2 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 37 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, before rendering a final decision designating a property as a national monument, the Commission will provide the owner of the proposed monument, the person submitting the petition, the institutions responsible for heritage, professional and academic institutions, experts and scholars, as well as other interested parties, to express their views. On 3 October 2011 the Commission received a petition with enclosed documentation (1. Map of the surrounding area of Crnići, scale 1:25000, 2. Cadastral plan, 3. Land Register excerpts,
Accordingly, the Commission sent a letter ref. 05.2-35.2-8/11-198 dated 18 October 2011, requesting documentation and views on the designation of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Kose in Crnići, Kreševo Municipality, to Kreševo Municipality (Mayor), Department of Town Planning and Cadastral Affairs, the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport.
The Commission also sent letter ref. 05.2-36.1-7/11-169 dated 4 November 2011 to the Municipal Court in Kiseljak, requesting copies of the Land Register entries for cadastral plots no. 2044, c.m. Crnići, Kreševo Municipality.
In response, the Commission has received the following documentation:
- Under cover of letter ref. 07-40-4-4353-1/11 dated 18 April 2011, the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport provided details of previous protection of the site at Crnići, Kreševo Municipality.
- Letter ref. 049 0 Rz 11 001 888 dated 10 November 2011 supplying Land Register entry no. 185, c.m. Crnići, Kreševo Municipality.
- As of the date of adoption of this Decision, the views of the owners of the plots had not yet been received.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the property are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The village of Crnići is on the north-western slopes of Mt. Inač (alt. 1413 m), at an altitude of 874 m, 6 km as the crow flies north-west of Kreševo Municipality. The necropolis with stećaks in the village is at Kose, at an altitude of 856 m, 43º 53' 32.96" N and 17º 58' 46.33" E. EPE: 1.6 m SBAS.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 2044, title deed no. 185, Land Register entry no. 185, c.p. no. 2045/1, title deed no. 315, Land Register entry no 315, cadastral municipality Crnići, Municipality Kreševo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical background
Kreševo’s natural isolation and wealth of ores and minerals have dictated its historical development in the late Middle Ages, and indeed since it first came into being. At that time, Kreševo enjoyed not only an economic role, but also a strategic one in the economic and political triangle of Visoko-Fojnica-Kreševo. At first, Fojnica and Kreševo were in the large mediaeval župa (county) of Lepenica, which covered the entire catchment area of the present-day River Fojnica(1). Later, the župa of Lepenica, along with the whole of central Bosnia, was a direct possession of the Kotromanić dynasty. In the late 14th century the old župa was broken up into smaller districts centred around fortified towns, and in this way the small župa of Kreševo came into being. In the early Ottoman period it was known as the Kreševo nahija, and belonged to the Crown Lands(2). The earliest references in historical sources to the exploitation of mines date to the reign of King Tvrtko I, in the latter half of the 14th century: Fojnica in 1365, Kreševo in 1381(3).
Kreševo is referred to as a place in a document from the Dubrovnik chancellery of 28 May 1415, where Dobrašin Veseoković and another two people from Dubrovnik were to deliver 30 consignments of fabric and sundries from Dubrovnik to Kreševo or Podvisoki(4).
Marko Vego notes that there is reference in a document from 1420 to sotto Crisgnevo(5), indicating that the fort – the royal court above the civilian settlement – had already been built by that date.
The third largest colony of Dubrovnik merchants, after Visoko and Fojnica, was in Kreševo(6), where a fair number of them were recorded by 1434. This Dubrovnik colony developed further after 1450, when it numbered 61 people(7).
During the reigns of King Tvrtko II and Stjepan Tomaš, from the 1430s to the 1460s, the region played an important part in supplying Dubrovnik's merchants in particular, but also the Bosnian kings, with silver. The area was the most important centre of mining production in the royal holdings, particularly Fojnica(8).
The last document referring to mediaeval Kreševo is dated 29 May 1463, when the Grand Council of the Republic of Dubrovnik approved the purchase of 200 lbs of gunpowder by the uncle of the King of Bosnia, Radić (Radovoje) Kristić, who was then in Kreševo(9).
In Ottoman times the Kreševo fort lost all strategic importance, and was abandoned, but life continued in the town. The Ottomans retained the customs house, leasing it to Dubrovnik, and the extraction of precious metals continued(10).
2. Description of the property
The necropolis with stećaks is by the road from Kreševo to Crnići, on a hillock covered with broad-leaved trees, known as Kose, at an altitude of 856 m, 43º 53' 32.96" N and 17º 58' 46.33" E. EPE: 1.6 m SBAS.
The tombstones at Kose are recumbent monoliths – slabs, chest-shaped and gabled or sarcophagus-like – lying southwest-northeast. A high level of aesthetic value was achieved in this necropolis, and some of the stećaks are relatively large. The site contains 26 stećaks – two slabs, 19 chests and five gabled. With the exception of no. 14, the top of which bears a raised rectangle, no decoration or epitaphs have been recorded on the tombstones.
Condition of the tombstones
Stećak no. 1. – gabled with plinth, lying on its north-west side, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 176x65x130 cm; the plinth measures 220x83x35 cm.
Stećak no. 2. – gabled, plinth sunken, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 182x74x84 cm; the plinth measures 210 cm long x visible height of 20 cm.
Stećak no. 3. – gabled, plinth sunken, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 174x82x116 cm; the plinth measures 230x155x25 cm.
Stećak no. 4. – chest, sunken into the ground, partly covered with topsoil, covered with moss and lichen, lying northwest-southeast; the stećak measures 165x68x16 cm.
Stećak no. 5. – chest, partly sunken into the ground, with a transverse crack across the middle, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 177x65x52 cm.
Stećak no. 6. – chest, partly sunken into the ground, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 167x78x40 cm.
Stećak no. 7. – chest, sunken into the ground, making it impossible to measure.
Stećak no. 8. – gabled, partly sunken into the ground, with a transverse crack across the middle, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures (98+85)x78x60 cm.
Stećak no. 9. –slab, partly sunken and covered with topsoil, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 167x153x16 cm.
Stećak no. 10. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 175x78x35 cm.
Stećak no. 11. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 160x84x26 cm.
Stećak no. 12. – chest, partly sunken, covered with topsoil, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 176x73x22 cm.
Stećak no. 13. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 200x145x74 cm.
Stećak no. 14. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 198x108x48 cm: the raised rectangular area measures 162x78x5 cm. The top bears a raised rectangle.
Stećak no. 15. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 215x136x85 cm.
Stećak no. 16. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 185x70x30 cm.
Stećak no. 17. – chest, partly sunken, covered with topsoil, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 172x84x40 cm.
Stećak no. 18. – chest, partly sunken, covered with topsoil, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 170x70x24 cm.
Stećak no. 19. – chest, partly sunken, covered with topsoil, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 100x95x30 cm.
Stećak no. 20. – chest, completely sunken into the ground, covered with topsoil, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures length 168x67x4cm.
Stećak no. 21. – chest, sunken into the ground, making it impossible to measure.
Stećak no. 22. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 170x80x45 cm.
Stećak no. 23. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 65 cm (visible length) x48x25 cm.
Stećak no. 24. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 188x142x30 cm.
Stećak no. 25. – gabled, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 165x64x44 cm.
Stećak no. 26. – chest, partly sunken, covered with topsoil, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying southwest-northeast; the stećak measures 176x70x30 cm.
3. Legal status to date
The Regional Plan for BiH to 2000 lists seven sites of necropolises with stećak tombstones (145 tombstones) in Kreševo Municipality without precise identification, classifying them as Category III monuments(11).
A letter from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport dated 24 October 2011 states that the necropolis with stećaks at Kose in Crnići, Kreševo Municipality, is neither listed nor entered in the Register of Cultural Monuments of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
4. Research and conservation-restoration works
Research, consisting of compiling an inventory and visiting sites in Kreševo Municipality, has been conducted by Šefik Bešlagić(12) and Milo Jukić(13).
No conservation-restoration works have been carried out.
5. Current condition of the property
The findings of an on-site inspection conducted on 19 October 2011 are as follows:
- as plant growth resumes in spring the necropolis becomes overgrown with grass, low-growing plants and broad-leafed trees,
- the tombstones are at risk of rapid deterioration as a result of neglect,
- some of the tombstones are cracked, and some are overturned or partly or wholly sunken into the ground,
- the tombstones are covered to a greater or lesser extent with plant organisms (lichen and moss).
6. Specific risks
- vandalism – overturning the tombstones,
- disintegration of the site as a result of long-term neglect,
- adverse effects of the elements,
- self-sown vegetation.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C. i. quality of workmanship
C.ii. quality of materials
C.iii. proportions
C.v. value of details
D. Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)
D.i. material evidence of a lesser known historical era
E. Symbolic value
E.ii. religious value
E.iii. traditional value
E.v. significance for the identity of a group of people
G. Authenticity
G.i. form and design
G.ii. material and content
G.iii. use and function
G.iv. traditions and techniques
G.v. location and setting
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Ownership documentation
- copy of cadastral plan no. 6F15-50; Scale 1:2500 and cadastral records for c.p. 2044 and 2045/1, c.m Crnići, Kreševo Municipality, issued on 29 September 2011
- letter from the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Kiseljak no. 049 0 Rz 11 001 888 of 10 November 2011 supplying Land Register entry for c.p. no. 2044, c.m. Crnići, Kreševo
- Documentation on previous protection of the property
- letter ref. 07-40-4-4543-1/11 dated 24 October 2011 from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport providing details of previous protection of the site in Crnići, Kreševo Municipality
- Photodocumentation
- photographs of the property taken on 19 October 2011 by historian Zijad Halilović using Canon EOS 450D digital camera
- Technical documentation
- technical survey of the property (plan of the necropolis, survey of the tombstones), surveyed and recorded on 19 October 2011 by historian Zijad Halilović and architect Amra Sarić
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the monument as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1957. Vego, Marko. Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države (Settlements of the mediaeval Bosnian state), Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1957
1961. Kovačević, Desanka. Trgovina u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni (Marketplaces in mediaeval Bosnia). Sarajevo: 1961.
1963a Anđelić, Pavao. “Arheološka ispitivanja” (Archaeological investigations) in Lepenica priroda, stanovništvo, privreda i zdravlje (Lepenica: nature, population, economic and health). Sarajevo: Naučno društvo Bosne i Hercegovine, special edition, vol. III,1963.a
1971. Bešlagić, Šefik. Stećci, kataloško-topografski pregled (Stećci, a catalogue and topographic overview). Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, 1971.
1978. Kovačević-Kojić, Desanka. Gradska naselja u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni (Urban settlements in mediaeval Bosnia). Sarajevo: Biblioteka Kulturno nasljeđe, Veselin Masleša, 1978.
1980. Various authors. Prostorni plan Bosne i Hercegovine, Faza „B“ – Valorizacija, Prirodne i kulturno-historijske vrijednosti (Regional Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, phase B – valorization of natural, cultural and historical assets). Sarajevo: Institute for Architecture and Town and Country Planning of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo and the Planning Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, 1980.
1981. Živković, Pavao. Tvrtko II Tvrtković, Bosna u prvoj polovini XV stoljeća (Tvrtko II Tvrtković, Bosnia in the first half of the 15th century). Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu, 1981.
1989. Klaić, Nada. Srednjovjekovna Bosna, politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe (1377. g.) (Mediaeval Bosnia, the political position of Bosnian rulers up to Tvrtko’s coronation [1377]). Zagreb: 1989.
2001. Jukić, Milo. Deževice, pregled povijesnih zbivanja, toponomastika, sastav i podrijetlo stanovništva (Deževice, overview of historical events, toponomastics, composition and origin of the inhabitants). Kiseljak: HKD Napredak – Kiseljak branch, 2001.
Decision of the Commission designating the historic site of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Crkvenjak and the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Klupe in Komari, Kreševo Municipality, as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 02-2-909/03-10 of 21 November 2007. (Official Gazette of BiH, no. 29/08) and on the Commission's web site: http://www.kons.gov.ba
(1) Klaić, Nada, Srednjovjekovna Bosna, politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe (1377. g.), Zagreb: 1989, 112 – 115.
(2) Anđelić, Pavao, “Arheološka ispitivanja,” In Lepenica priroda, stanovništvo, privreda i zdravlje, Sarajevo: Naučno društvo Bosne i Hercegovine, posebna izdanja, knjiga III,1963.a, 187.
(3) Kovačević-Kojić, Desanka, Gradska naselja u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni, Sarajevo: Biblioteka Kulturno nasljeđe, Veselin Masleša,1978, 33.
(4) Anđelić, Pavao, “Srednji vijek-doba stare bosanske države” in Visoko i okolina kroz historiju I, Visoko: Skupština opštine Visoko, 1984, 145.
(5) Vego, Marko, Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1957, 64.
(6) Živković, Pavao, Tvrtko II Tvtković, Bosna u prvoj polovini XV stoljeća, Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu, 1981, 132.
(7) Kovačević, Desanka, Trgovina u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni, Sarajevo: 1961, 74-75.
(8) Živković, Pavao, Ibidem, Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu, 1981, 132.
(9) Truhelka, Ćiro, “Dubrovačke vijesti o godini 1463,” Sarajevo: GZM BiH, XXII, 1910, 1-24.
(10) For more on the history of Kreševo, see the decision by the Commission no. 02-2-909/03-10 of 21 November 2007designating the historic site of the necropolis of stećak tombstones at Crkvenjak and the necropolis of stećak tombstones at Klupe in Komari, Municipality Kreševo as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 29/08 and on the Commission’s web site: http://www.kons.gov.ba
(11) Various authors, Prostorni plan Bosne i Hercegovine, faza b – valorizacija, prirodne i kulturno-historijske vrijednosti, Sarajevo: Institut za arhitekturu, urbanizam i prostorno planiranje Arhitektonskog fakultet u Sarajevu i Urbanistički zavod za Bosnu i Hercegovinu Sarajevo, 1980, 50.
(12) Bešlagić, Šefik, Stećci, kataloško-topografski pregled, Sarajevo: "Veselin Masleša", 1971.
(13) Jukić, Milo, Deževice, pregled povijesnih zbivanja, toponomastika, sastav i podrijetlo stanovništva, Kiseljak: HKD Napredak – Podružnica Kiseljak, 2001.
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