Status of monument -> National monument
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 4 to 10 July 2006 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The site and remains of the architectural ensemble of the Resulbegović house in Trebinje are hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument consists of the site and remains of the Resulbegović house, magazine, konak and outbuilding, courtyard, garden and orchard within the complex, the access path bordered by the west and east walls of the complex, and all the surrounding walls of the complex.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 2412 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. nos.1849/2, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856/1 and 1856/2. (old survey), Land Register entry no. 50, cadastral municipality Trebinje 1, Trebinje Municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection and rehabilitation measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 9/02) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for ensuring and providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary to protect, conserve, rehabilitate and display the National Monument.
The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for providing the funds for drawing up and implementing the technical deocumentation required for the rehabilitation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with the basic data on the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
The following protection zones are hereby stipulated:
Protection Zone I consists of the site defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision. In this zone the following protection measures shall apply:
- the architectural ensemble of the Resulbegović house shall be rehabilitated on its original site, in its original form, with the use of the original or the same type of material and the original building methods wherever possible, on the basis of documentation on its former appearance, with the approval of the Ministry responsible for regional planning in Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the relevant ministry) and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority),
- all original fragments of the demolished building found on the site or on other sites to which they were removed after the demolition of the building must be collected up, registered, recorded and reintegrated into the reconstructed building. Until such time as they are so reintegrated they shall be properly preserved,
- fragments that are too badly damaged to be reintegrated shall be conserved and displayed appropriately within the building.
In order to secure the conditions for the rehabilitation of the National Monument, the following urgent protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- the removal of all properties and interventions erected on the site of the National Monument since 1992;
- the erection of a barrier around the National Monument;
- the conservation and restoration of the remains of the house, terrace, east courtyard and north courtyard wall;
- the reconstruction of the demolished parts of the boundary wall of the complex of the National Monument to match the remains of the original courtyard walls;
- clearing the site of the National Monument;
- removal of the surface layers of soil to find the original foundation walls of the buildings;
- repairs and consolidation of the original parts of the foundations and walls.
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument, the following uses should ideally be allocated:
- the building may be used for cultural and tourism purposes; ideally it should again be used for museum/ethnological purposes;
- the magazine and konak building may be used for cultural and tourism/hotel/restaurant purposes; ideally it should again be used for hotel/restaurant purposes;
- the stables (outbuilding) may be used for cultural/sports and tourism/hotel/restaurant purposes; ideally, the facilities of the sports and tourism building currently standing on the site of the National Monument should be transferred to the stables and the building itself removed;
- the complex or parts thereof may be used for education and cultural purposes and be opened to the public.
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument, the following measures are hereby stipulated:
- all works that could be detrimental to the National Monument are prohibited, as is the erection of temporary or permanent structures and facilities not solely intended to protect and present the National Monument;
- a suitable project for making good the plot on which the National Monument is located, providing an access path and landscaping shall be drawn up;
- the swimming pool equipment should be relocated and the building in which it is housed, which was built in the late 1970s on the south-eastern edge of the plot, should be demolished.
Protection Zone II consists of the plots immediately contiguous with the site of the National Monument, on the remainder of c.p. no. 2412 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. nos. 1849/2, 1855,` 1856/1 and 1856/2 (old survey). In this zone the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- the north courtyard wall shall be conserved and restored;
- the construction of any new buildings is prohibited;
- the eastern parts of the site (c.p. 1855, 1856/1 and 1856/2 – old survey) may be used for sports and recreational purposes or as an open public space, subject to suitable landscaping, and subject to the use thereof being in harmony with the use of the National Monument;
- a parking area may be introduced on the western part of the site (c.p. 1849/2, old survey), subject to the parking area being a minimum of three (3) metres from the west wall of the complex and visually screened from it (by a strip of greenery).
Protection Zone III consists of the plots and properties in the immediate contact zone of the National Monument, on the area designated as c.p. nos. 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2414 and 2415. The following protection measures are hereby stipulated in this zone:
- repairs, conservation and restoration works and the presentation of existing buildings are permitted;
- the interior adaptation of the buildings to modern use is permitted;
- all extensions to existing buildings are prohibited;
- any future interpolated buildings in this zone shall consist of ground and first floor only, with a maximum height of 6.50 m to the roof cornice, with hipped roofs;
- alterations to the height and horizontal dimensions of existing buildings are prohibited;
- the introduction of new materials when carrying out works on or near existing buildings is prohibited;
- all interventions must conform to the townscape values of the area;
- all interventions must have the prior approval of the relevant ministry and be subject to the expert opinion of the heritage protection authority;
- the dumping of waste is prohibited;
- heavy motor vehicle traffic is prohibited.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are hereby revoked.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of Republika Srpska and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation and rehabilitation thereof.
VI
The Government of Republika Srpska, the relevant ministry, the heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II – V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.aneks8komisija.com.ba)
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX
On the date of adoption of this Decision, the National Monument shall be deleted from the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02, Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 79/02, Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH no. 59/02, and Official Gazette of Brčko District BiH no. 4/03), where it featured under serial no. 658.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.
No: 09-2-86/03-22
6 July 2006
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Amra Hadžimihamedović
E l u c i d a t i on
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a decision to add the Resulbegović (Bey’s) house in Trebinje to the Provisional List of National Monuments under serial no. 658.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and current owner and user of the property (copy of cadastral plan and copy of land registry entry)
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The site and remains of the architectural complex of the Resulbegović house in Trebinje are located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 2412 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. nos.1849/2, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856/1 and 1856/2. (old survey), Land Register entry no. 50, cadastral municipality Trebinje 1, Trebinje Municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Access to the National Monument is from the north.
The complex of the Resulbegović house lies north-south. The Resulbegović house itself is on the southern part of the plot. The main axis of the house lies east-west, with a slight deviation to the north. The entrance to the building is to the north.
Historical information
Given the extreme importance of the Trebinje captaincy and its defence system the post of guard or captain of this important area and major fortifications system in the Bosnian pashaluk was raised to a high level. The title of miri-muhafiz (bey, Bos. beg) was introduced, followed by that of miri-miran-muhafiz (pasha).
Osman-aga Resulbegović was appointed as miri-muhafiz in 1716. He is first referred to as Osman-beg on 13 June 1716, and the first reference to him in the capacity of miri-muhafiz dates from September 1719. Osman-beg Resulbegović became miri-miran-muhafiz of Trebinje between 11 September 1719 and 14 April 1721. The last reference to him in this post dates from 28 June 1728. Osman Pasha was succeeded in this post by his sons and grandsons(1).
The Resulbegović family was one of the leading families in the Trebinje region during the 18th century. Osman Pasha Resulbegović is the best-known and most important member of the family. During his rule in Trebinje the town saw a surge in development and construction.
The most important edifices built by Osman Pasha Resulbegović in Trebinje are the Careva (Emperor's) Mosque, the Osman Pasha Resulbegović mosque, the Trebinje fortress of Ban Vir (ramparts around the town, three bastions and towers) and a summer residence in Bregovi on the river Trebišnjica. The earliest information concerning the mekteb in Trebinje is also associated with Osman Pasha Resulbegović's time, the first quarter of the 18th century.
Both the above mosques were built in the new Ban-Vir fortress. The Careva or Old mosque was built in 1719 (1132 AH, as carved on the šerefe [balcony] of the minaret), at the same time as all the other buildings were already complete or being completed in the new fortress. The mosque was built very rapidly in honour of Sultan Ahmed II (1703-1730). Osman Pasha Resulbegović built his second or new mosque in his own name. It is not known exactly when this was, but it was almost certainly towards the end of his administration, that is prior to 1729, since he died in Istanbul in 1730(2).
The Resulbegović house in Trebinje was built in the early 18th century, probably in 1725. The original building was used as a summer residence by the Resulbegović family.
The building was erected on Bregovi (Bregovi: where begs live(3) ), in the most attractive position in the town of Trebinje, known as Rastoci.
«The summer residence was in the most attractive place in Bregovi, at the point where the Trebišnjica, flowing gently along its wide bed, gradually 'decants itself' (Rastoci) into four smaller rivulets as it continues its course through the plain. As well as a number of smaller buildings for the servants and serfs and outbuildings, serving the needs of the household, the summer residence had two main houses (men's and women's).There was a splendid orchard, mainly of plums, by the Trebišnjica where the first branch turned off, and within it a small summer bathhouse (for both men and women) through which clean water from the river flowed, continuing on under the summer residence and flushing the toilet at the same time.» (V. Korać, Trebinje – istorijski pregled [Trebinje – historical overview], bk I, p. 414).
A description by the Russian consul A. F. Gilferding, who visited Trebinje in 1875, revedals that at this time the complex belonged to Hajji Haki-beg Resulbegović. It was probably he who repaired and perhaps even built the access path to the complex with the entrance gateway on which the year 1188 AH (1774/75) is incised in the stone(4).
The Resulbegović house had already become a tourist attraction during the Austro-Hungarian administration of this country. At that time the building was popularly known as the Begenhaus. During World War I, in 1915, the famous architect Richard Neutre(5), who was passing through Trebinje, immortalized the Resulbegović house in a watercolour painting.
The Resulbegović house has also been the subject for other architects and painters, such as Branko Šotro.
The landscape value of the property is complemented by the begovo kolo, a waterwheel used for irrigation, and by the sandbanks beside the Trebišnjica(6).
Conservation and restoration works and adaptation works on the complex of the Resulbegović house were carried out between the early 1960s and the late 1970s. These works converted the property into a museum with a permanent ethnographic display, and the complex was adapted for tourism purposes.
The complex of the Resulbegović house was set on fire on several occasions during the 1992-1995 war, and finally completely destroyed. All that remains of the complex of Resulbegović house on the site are the remains of the vaulted terrace, a small corner of the house, one stone base for the pillars of the hajat, and the eastern and northern courtyard
Over the past fifty years the complex of the Resulbegović house has changed hands on several occasions.
- Under the terms of a contract of sale certified in the District Court in Trebinje, certification no. 485/64 of 9 September 1964, the then owners Resulbegović Vasvija and Rizvanbegović Behija sold the property along with its courtyard, garden and outbuildings to the Tourist Corporation of Trebinje. The legal successor to the Tourist Corporation is UTP Leotar of Trebinje (c.p. nos. 1852, 1853, 1854 and 1855).
- Under the terms of a contract of sale certified in the District Court in Trebinje, certification no. 678/64 dated 8 December 1964, the then owners Šahović Rasim, Šefkija, Edhem and Izudin and Koluder Enisa, sold the land registered as c.p. nos. 1851, 1856/1 and 1856/2 to the purchasers Koprivnica Božo and Đoka.
- Under the terms of a deed of gift entered into on 3 September 1996 in Trebinje between the following parties: Municipality of Trebinje (donor) and Serbian Orthodox Church Eparchy of Zahum Herzegovina and Primorje, Trebinje (beneficiary), the donor as owner bestowed on the beneficiary in permanent ownership the following real estate: c.p. 1857/8 (building site), 1856/1 (garden of several houses), 1856/21 (garden of several houses) and 1849/2 (arable land), Land Register entry no. 64, c.m. Trebinje.
- Under the terms of a contract of sale entered into on 14 April 2006 in Trebinje between the following parties: UTAD Leotar Trebinje (seller) and the Foundation Centre for the Development of Physical and Spiritual Culture (purchaser), the purchaser acquired the following real estate: c.p. 1853 (housing with courtyard and garden), 1852 (building site), 1854 (garden) and 1855 (garden), Land Register entry nos. 64 and 500, c.m. Trebinje, in sole ownership of the seller.
- Under the terms of a deed of gift entgered into on 15 April 2006 in Trebinje between the following parties: Eparchy of Zahum Herzegovina and Primorje, Trebinje (donor) and the Foundation Centre for the Development of Physical and Spiritual Culture (beneficiary), Trebinje, the donor as owner bestowed on the beneficiary the permanent ownership of the following real estate: c.p. 1857/8 (building site), 1856/1 (garden of several houses), 1856/2 (garden of several houses) and 1849/2 (arable land), Land Register entry no. 56, c.m. Trebinje, in sole ownership of the seller.
- The current owner of the complex is the Foundation Centre for the Development of Physical and Spiritual Culture.
2. Description of the property (7)
The architectural ensemble of the Resulbegović house is one of the relatively well preserved and one of the most reepresentative examples of residential architecture of the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In form the property is one of the most interesting surviving examples of residential architecture of this period in southern Herzegovina. Its originality of form and the picturesque nature of its surroundings made the complex an outstanding tourist attraction for the wider region.
An analysis of the spatial concept of the complex reveals the differentiation into two separate but interconnected entities – the semi-public and the intimate, family areas of the house, the men's selamluk and women's haremluk. The layout of the house itself is further divided into the winter quarters on the ground floor and summer quarters on the first floor, into open, semi-open and enclosed premises, into premises for the management of the household and living quarters.
The complex of the Resulbegović house as a whole consists of four parts. The first was the servants' quarters in the outer courtyard, followed by the konak or guest-house in the inner, private courtyard, to the right of the entrance, and the family house. The fourth part of the complex was a large garden and orchard.
The architectural ensemble, which extends north-south, was entirely surrounded by a high wall. All the walls (both courtyard walls and the peča – zar [lit. veil] screening the view, which was in the form of a wall) were stone-built and about 50 cm thick. The highest wall in the complex was the west courtyard wall, which was the same height as three peča, 1.95-2.20 m.
The entrance to the architectural ensemble was from the north.The entrance gateway, measuring 1.80 x 2.40 m, had stone jambs 29 cm thick, and a lintel in the form of a precisely executed segmental arch. The three central stones of the arch(8), the keystone and the stones on either side of it, were decorated in bas relief. The stones on either side had carved rosette motifs, and the keystone had two crescent moons between which was the hijjra year when the gateway was built or repaired. The year 1188 AH is equivalent to 1774/75. The gateway had double wooden doors with door-knockers. The joins on the doors were composed of iron beadings, hinges and rivets.
The gateway led into a stone-paved passageway open to the sky, measuring 35.0 x 3.25 m. The last 15 m of the passageway was much wider than the rest, at 9.0 m, and led into the outbuilding and garden of the complex to the east and to the private family quarters to the south. A distinctive feature of this area was the peča – zar screening the view, which was in the form of a wall.The peča, which measured 6.0 x 0.5 m, was in front of the entrance to the outbuilding.
Family quarters of the complex – courtyard, family house and konak
The entrance to the courtyard and the private family quarters of the complex of the Resulbegović house is to the south of the passageway.
The entrance gateway, measuring 1.75 x 2.50 m, had stone jambs 29 cm thick, and a round-arched lintel without a pronounced keystone. The first two stones of the arch on either side had carved rosette motifs, two on each stone.
There was another peča or screening wall about 2.50 m from the entrance gateway to the courtyard, this one measuring approx. 3.0 x 0.5 m.
The gateway led into a courtyard measuring approx. 21.0 x 12.5 m, paved with laminate limestone.
Two basic materials were used to build the house – stone and wood. The structural system was typical of residential architecture of the Ottoman period.
The walls of the ground floor were of solid stone, about 60 cm thick. The first floor was half-timbered, with load-bearing stone walls providing structural safety and fitted with chimneys.
All the walls of the house were plastered and whitewashed. The stone structure of the walls of the izba (storeroom or ćemer) in the eastern part of the house was left exposed.
The floor joists consisted of wooden beams.
All the rooms had wooden ceilings. The ground floor ceilings were simply executed, with exposed load-bearing beams, while on the first floor the beams were faced with decorative boards. The most typical ceiling was that in the large chamber (divanhana), which was a dropped ceiling, having been taken from a house in Stolac(9).
Wood was also used for the pillars, the window and door frames, and the structure of the doksat (oriel) and roof. All the visible timber elements (pillars, beams, terminal roof eave beading) were left in the natural colour of the wood. The remaining woodwork (windows, doors, north facade with mušebak lattices) was painted in two shades of green.
The roof frame of the building was probably in the form of posts resting on the stone walls and oblique shims.
The building had a square hipped roof, topped by a decorative stone, the musafirtaš («traveller's stone»), indicating to travellers a building or complex where they could spend the night. The musafirtaš was composed of two parts, the lower spherical and the upper conical or bowl-shaped. The roof cladding was a combination of stone slabs and hollow tiles(10), typical of Mediterranean oriental architecture.
Stone and wood were also used for various interior components of the building.
The bases of the pillars were of dressed stone. The hajat was paved with stone, and the staircase leading to the first floor was also stone. The four chimneys were probably the most significant stone-built components. In disposition and interplay, the chimneys were not only a functional but also a decorative element on the roof of the building.
Wood was used in the interior for the doors, musanderas and screens, and also for furnishings such as cupboards and built-in sećijas (settees).
The house closed off the southern end of the courtyard area. The longitudinal axis of the building lay east-west, with the doors and windows mainly facing north and south.
There was a storeroom (known as izba or ćemer) by the east wall of the house. The vaulted storeroom was entered from the courtyard through an arched doorway in the north wall.
There was a WC by the north wall of the house, entered from the courtyard.
The courtyard led into a semi-open hajat on the ground floor. The hajat, measuring 5.75 x 2.50 m, was open to the north and was paved with stone. The six square-section wooden pillars supporting the ceiling joists stood in the hajat on stone bases.
The hajat led into the large ground-floor room, measuring 5.0 x 4.10 m, which was entered from the north.The west wall of the room was occupied by a musandara (built-in wall cupboard) with a hamamdžik (washroom) in the north-west corner(11).There were two rectangular windows in the south wall, measuring 0.60 x 1.25 and framed with simple stone jambs.
The vaulted area below the staircase led into a small room on the ground floor of the building. This room, measuring 3.0 x 4.25 m, had a hamamdžik in the north-west corner. There were two rectangular windows in the south wall, measuring 0.65 x 1.25 m and framed with simple stone jambs. There was a door in the west wall leading into another room, measuring 5.0 x 3.90 m. There were two windows in the south wall of this room, identical to those of the small room.
An L-shaped stone staircase led from the courtyared to the first floor of the house. The space below the staircase was completely filled in. The staircase, which was 1.10 m wide, had no banister.
The staircase led to a kamarija (balcony) facing the courtyard. The kamarija, which measured 2.30 x 6.20 m, was enclosed by a wooden surround painted in two shades of green and divided horizontally into four sections. The first, with a height of 130 cm, was fixed, and consisted of wooden boards. Over this was fixed mušebak latticework 70 cm high. Above this again was the third section, composed of boards. This section could be opened around the vertical axis. The fourth section, also composed of boards, was fixed. The fixed latticework of the second section was divided into three vertical panels. The wooden slats of the end panels were set at an angle of 45°, and those of the central panel at an angle of 90°. The square central panel bore a relief motif of the sun.
The wooden surround was divided horizontally into six sections. The extreme eastern end of the surround, above the fixed latticework, had a pointed-arched window.
The ceiling of the kamarija had exposed beams with boarding between.
The kamarija led into the kafe-ćoše (premises for preparing coffee), in the eastern part of the house. The kamarija was separated from the kafe-ćoše by a wooden screen which was an original element of the interior.
The screen marked the stylistic transition from the 19th to the 20th century, and was evidence of the pseudo-oriental secession style in the interior. It consisted of three parts, of which the central section differed in the treatment of the central part and top. Vertically, the screen was divided by differing treatment into three sections. The bottom part of the screen was of solid wood. Wooden moulded beadings divided it into four rectangles arranged in a circle. In the centre was a square panel enclosed by a wooden grid. The central part of the screen was composed of an interplay of solid and enclosed rectangular and square panels. There was an empty square at an angle of 45° at the centre of the side screens. The central section of the screen consisted of a semicircular dolaf (cupboard) which projected outwards from the face of the screen. The final section of all three screens consisted of a rectangular panel filled with a wooden grid. Over this panel was a solid wood crown, higher on the central screen than on the side ones.
The whole of the wooden ceiling of the kafe-ćoše was decorated with a geometric design of small slats laid over boards to create a grid.
The kafe-ćoše led onto a terrace above the ground-floor storeroom.
The kamarija led into the large and small chambers of the house. Both of these projected outwards oriel-style from the main body of the house.
The large chamber or divanhana, measuring 5.25 x 5.90 m, was the most representative part of the house.
There were seven double-casement wooden windows with pointed arches in the south and east facade. The windows, which were 70 cm wide and divided into mušebak latticework and a sliding pane, looked out onto the Trebišnjica and the garden of the complex.
The musandera(12) – the wooden partition with dolafs (small cupboards) and dušekluks (for storing bedlinen during the day) – occupied the north wall of the chamber. The musandera was made on the principle of carved hexagonal applications of two types of wood. There were several hundred applications on the doors of the musandera.
The sećija occupied the remaining three walls of the chamber.
The ceiling of the divanhana was decorated with a geometric design. On the central part of the ceiling, composed of a decorative facing of hardwood boards laid over a flat deal board base, was a square central section edged by moulded laths and composed of two parts executed in bas relief. The outer part was composed of eight trapezoid rays, and the inner, central part of an octagonal ortakluk, separated from the outer part by a listel.
The small chamber, measuring 3.0 x 4.9 m, was in the western part of the house. It had three double-casement, pointed-arched wooden windows in the south and west facades.These windows, which were 70 cm wide, were divided into mušebak latticework and a sliding pane.
The musandera(13) – the wooden partition with dolafs (small cupboards) and dušekluks (for storing bedlinen during the day) – occupied the north wall of the chamber.The musandera was characterized by its fine-quality wood carving with cypress motifs and filigree metal fittings.
The sećija was in the oriel part of the room, along the south wall.
The entire wooden ceiling of the small chamber was decorated with a geometric design of small slats laid over boards to create a grid.
Konak(14)
The konak stood against the west courtyard wall(15).
Two basic materials were used to build the konak – stone and wood. The walls of the building were of solid stone over their entire height, and were about 70 cm thick.The structure of the walls was left exposed.
The floor joists consisted of wooden beams reinforced by iron girders(16).
The ceilings in all the rooms were wooden, in the form of šiše.
The building had a gabled roof clad with stone slabs and hollow tiles.
The building had two rows of windows. There were five ground floor windows, and one door.There were five windows in the upper row. All the windows were rectangular, and all had their original mosaic wrought iron fittings.
There was a rectangular doksat above the entrance to the konak.
Works on the konak, which measured 16.70 x 5.80 m, were carried out in 1971 to convert it into a café-restaurant on the ground floor and a two-bedroom suite on the first floor.
There were two small outbuildings beside the konak, both stone-built, single-storey structures with gabled roofs.The structure of the solid stone walls was left exposed on the facades of these buildings.
The first outbuilding, by the south wall of the konak, followed its outlines. The entrance to this building, which measured 5.0 x 5.80 m, was to the east, from the courtyard.
The second outbuilding, which abutted onto the south wall of the first, was much smaller, at 2.85 x 3.15 m, and was entered to the south, from the courtyard.
Semi-public part of the complex – the household quarters(17)
The servants' quarters were located on the east courtyard wall of the complex.
The building, measuring 18.35 x 5.87 m, was a single-storey stone building.
There were two windows and four single doors on the west side of the building, facing the courtyard, and two windows on the east, facing the garden.
The building had a gabled roof clad with stone slabs.
Garden and orchard
The garden and orchard extended along the entire north and east side of the complex, and were surrounded by a stone wall. The east courtyard wall ran right beside the river Trebišnjica.
The garden could be entered from the courtyard, through a doorway in the east courtyard wall, through the household quarters, or direct from the entrance courtyard.
During the conversion of the building for tourism purposes in the late 1960s, a small summer stage and amphitheatre-style seating were built in the garden.The designer was Prof. Džemal Čelić.
3. Legal status to date
By Ruling of the National Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments and Natural Rarities of 1950, the Resulbegović house was placed under state protection.
The Council for the Human Environment and Regional Planning, Committee for the Protection and Upkeep of the Natural and Gravitational Heritage included theResulbegović house in Trebinje in the book entitled Zaštićene graditeljske baštine Jugoslavije (Protected Architectural Heritage of Yugoslavia) (bk. II, vol. 1 – SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, publ. Federal Statistics Institute, September 1982) where it features on page 117 as a Grade II and III protected property, with an area of 200 m².
The Regional Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina to 2002 listed the Resulbegović house in Trebinje as a Category II monument.
The Resulbegović (Beg’s) house in Trebinje is on the Provisional List of National Monuments of BiH under serial no. 658.
4. Research and conservation and restoration works
The first interventions on the property under the supervision of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Mostar were carried out in 1962. The works consisted of the interpolation of new wooden pillars in the hajat with beams and wooden corbels and the replacement of the roof cladding in the authentic manner.These were necessitated by the dilapidated condition of the materials and the leaking roof.
The following year, 1963, work began on the restoration of the Resulbegović house and its conversion for cultural and tourism purposes. The basic ideas concerning the conversion of the Resulbegović house complex for tourism purposes were(18):
- to treat the main building (the haremluk) as a museum, by displaying there, as far as possible, a permanent ethnographic display of the interior to present all aspects of life in an old bourgeois (and even aristocratic) Muslim family,
- to use the building to the right of the entrance, the konak, for modern purposes, as a tourist catering facility. The plan was to convert the ground floor into a café-restaurant and the first floor (where the guest rooms were originally located) into two bedrooms, a living room, bathroom and antechamber. This suite was intended as accommodation for particularly important guests.
- A small summer stage in the form of an amphitheatre was planned for garden of the complex (the front rows of seating set back into the ground and the back rows on the banked-up soil).The stage itself was to remain at the same level as the rest of the complex. The stables were to be used for the producer, with cloakrooms and toilet blocks.
- The rest of the garden and both courtyards were to become a kind of botanic garden with the indigenous flora of the region.
The first part of the works, the refurbishment of the main building (the haremluk) as an ethnographic exhibit, was carried out in 1963. The interior design was by Prof. Salih Rajković. The following works were carried out:
1. Since the built-in furnishings in the house were of little value, musanderas were brought from other houses that were not protected cultural monuments and built into the haremluk:
§ A musandera with fine-quality wood carving with cypress motifs and filigree metal fittings was transferred from a house in Stolac to the small room in the Resulbegović house(20).
§ Doors carved on the principle of hexagonal applications were transferred from the same house(21).
§ A musandera made on the principle of carved hexagonal applications of two types of wood, with several hundred applications on the doors, was transferred from another house in Stolac(22) to the large chamber in the Resulbegović house.
§ The wooden ceiling in the large chamber was transferred from a house in Trebinje. This dates from the second half of the 19th century.
§ Simpler musanderas from Dživar, a residential area on the outskirts of Trebinje, were installed in the ground-floor room of the house.
2. The elements denoting the stylistic transition from the 19th to the 20th century, evidence of the pseudo-oriental secession style in the interiors, which were already in the house were retained (the finely carved screen in the antechamber, a tall cupboard by the entrance to the first floor, and the škrabijas at the top of the sećijas in the large chamber)(23).
3. Cushions and settee coverings of claret-red čoha (fine cloth; the colour is typical of Herzegovina) were installed in the ground floor of the house and the small room. In the large chamber the sećijas were covered with blue čoha and silk cushions.
4. A Pirot kilim was laid in the large chamber and a «lokumali» kilim (made in the Sjenica area) in the small room.
5. All the typical articles used in the old residential lifestyle were on display in the house.
The treatment of the Resulbegović house was the same as that of Svrzo's house and the Despić house in Sarajevo: the task was to illustrate old residential architecture.
In the late 1960s work began on the conversion of the ruined building of the storeroom and konak. The works entailed the conservation of the konak and its conversion into a tourist catering facility. The designer, architect Prof. Džemal Čelić, sought a solution that would use modern materials and provide for a modern use in line with the habits and needs of the people of that time. The works, which were completed in 1971, consisting of creating a restaurant with a minimalist kitchen in the ground floor and a suite on the first floor. Efforts were made to retain the original stone structure of the property. For structural reasons the wooden floor joists were reinforced by steel girders. The wood-carving workshop Mulićev rekord of Konjic was hired to produce the wooden elements of the interior.
At the same time, the late 1960s, Prof. Čelić designed and bult a small summer stage and amphitheatre in the garden of the complex. The stables were converted to provide premises for the producers and actors.
Conservation works were also carried out on the portal of the main entrance gateway at this time.
The increasing use of the complex for tourism purposes led to the need to design a larger kitchen. The new kitchen area was built in 1978 as an annex to the historical complex, outside the courtyard wall, which suffered only the minimum of interventions.The designer of these works was architect Milenko Kovačina.
When building this annex by the complex, efforts were made to match the height of the historic konak building and west courtyard wall. The new building was appropriate in size to the needs of the time, and was built structurally using modern building materials with authentic elements (stone slabs on the roof, size and treatment of the doors and windows). The facade of the annex was plastered and painted white.
A courtyard with the necessary outbuildings to run the complex was built by the annex, outside the walls of the complex to the south-west. This courtyard was surrounded by a stone wall 120 cm in height and contained a storeroom and gas terminal.
Heritage protection experts were actively involved in all these works on the complex.
The complex of the Resulbegović house was set on fire on several occasions during the 1992-1995 war, and finally completely destroyed. In 2006 the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska drew up a project for the renovation of the complex of the Beg's house in Trebinje. The architectural team was headed by architect Milijana Okilj. The project provided for the renovation of the house, konak (restaurant) and household quarters (gallery).
5. Current condition of the property
The complex of the Resulbegović house was set on fire on several occasions during the 1992-1995 war, and finally completely destroyed. All that remains of the complex of Resulbegović house on the site are the remains of the vaulted terrace (the storeroom premises on which the terrace was formed), a small corner of the house, one stone base for the pillars of the hajat, and the eastern and northern courtyard. All the fragments were removed from the site.
In 2006 work began on the northern part of the site of the architectural ensemble on the construction of a sports stadium with accompanying building – changing rooms and ancillary facilities. The investor in these works is the Foundation Centre for the Development of Physical and Spiritual Culture, which is also the owner of c.p. no. 2412, on which the architectural ensemble is located.
The works include the following:
- Construction of a building with changing rooms and ancillary facilities, with an area of 190 m². The building is designed as a single-storey structure with the sides measuring 30.00 x 10.50 m on the outside and a height of approx. 4.5 m. The long axis of the building lies north-south. The entrance to the building is from the west, where it is planned to make a parking area outside the building. To the east of the building a plateau is planned with two steps leading down to the sports stadium. Since the steps extend along the entire length of the building they will also serve as grandstands. The roof of the building is flat. The facing of the facades is of slabs of irregular-cut stone.
- Construction of two hard-court basketball courts. The long axis of the courts lies north-south. The courts measuring 30.0 x 17.0 m, with a passageway around them with a width of 2.50 m. Small stands are planned to the east of the courts.
- A parking area along the entire western side of the National Monument is planned.
- The planned completion date for these works is 2 July 2006.
In 2006, in order to create a pedestrian way for the town, a quay was built alongside the river Trebišnjica.This quay, which is about 3.0 m wide, runs along the eastern edge of the architectural ensemble and into the complex of the Resulbegović house.
6. Specific risks
- Uncontrolled growth of the urban structure,
- Lack of a temporary barrier around the remains of the complex
- Vandalism for political or social reasons
- Inappropriate interventions on the complex
- Inadequate or insufficient administrative support.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
D. Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)
D. iv. evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner
D. v. evidence of a typical way of life at a specific period
E. Symbolic value
E.iii. traditional value
E.v. significance for the identity of a group of people
F. Townscape/ Landscape value
F.ii. meaning in the townscape
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
H. Rarity and representativity
H.i. unique or rare example of a certain type or style
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
o Copy of cadastral plan no. 33-12
o Copy of land register entry no. 50 and proof of title, deed no. 1752
o Photodocumentation (photographs of the property prior to destruction and photographs of the condition of the property at the time of preparing the documentation to draft a final decision on the property by the Commission, June 2006)
o Technical documentation (documentation on the previous condition of the complex, documentation on the proposed rehabilitation of the complex).
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the site and remains of the architectural ensemble of the Resulbegović house in Trebinje as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1965 Naše starine, Annual of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo 1965, article ”Enterijeri, pitanje njihove zaštite i adaptacije - Resulbegovića kuća u Trebinju i njena adaptacja za potrebe turizma” (Interiors, the issue of their protection and adaptation – the Resulbegović house in Trebinje and its adaptation for tourism purposes), by Džemal Čelić
1971 Vojislav J. Korać, Trebinje – Istorijski pregled / II Period od dolaska Turaka do 1878. godine (Trebinje – historical overview, II Period from the arrival of the Turks to 1878), parts 1 and 2, 1971.
Technical documentation, 1981.
Documentation of the Republic Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska
(1) “The importance of the Trebinje captaincy and the defence system within it in early days, and in particular, without doubt, after the construction of the new Ban-Vir fortress, led to the post of guard or captain of this important area and major fortifications system being raised to a high level, with this sensitive post entrusted first to a miri-muhafiz (beg) and then to a miri-miran-muhafiz (pasha). Explaining these terms, V. Skarić notes that «the difference between a miri-muhafiz and a miri-miran-muhafiza is that miri-miran means commander of commanders», V. Korać, Trebinje – istorijski pregled (Trebinje – historical overview), bk II, part 2, p. 334. [Miri derives from the Arabic amir. Trans.]
(2) V. Korać, Trebinje – istorijski pregled bk. II, part 2,
(3) V. Korać, Trebinje – istorijski pregled, bk. I, p. 414
(4) “The Resulbegović house in Trebinje was built in the 18th century. The entrance portal bears the year 1188 AH incised in stone, which corresponds to 1775 AD, but this cannot be the year the house was built, but perhaps some repairs or the date when the gateway itself was built. We know that the summer konaks of Osman Pasha Resulbegović were also here in Bregovi, and if the same complex is in question, it must have been built in the third decade of the 18th century, «Enterijeri, pitanje njihove zaštie i adaptacije - Resulbegovića kuća u Trebinju i njena adaptacja za potrebe turizma» (Interiors, the issue of their protection and adaptation – the Resulbegović house in Trebinje and its adaptation for tourism purposes), Dž. Čelić, p. 43.
(5) Richard Neutre (1892 – 1970) was one of the leading architects of the international style living and working in the USA. Austrian by origin, Neutre spent most of his life studying and designing family houses.
(6) The townscape area of Bregova, where the Resulbegović complex stands, was altered after World War II when the course of the river Trebišnjica was regulated
(7) The description includes all four components formerly constituting the complex of the Resulbegović house. The National Monument now consists of three of the original four components of the complex.
(8) All three of these stones from the gateway are housed in the Museum in Trebinje.
(9) The wooden ceiling in the large chamber was taken from a house in Trebinje and dates from the second half of the 19th century. It was brought here during restoration works on the house in 1963.
(10) In the 1960s the roof cladding was replaced in the original form but modernized by laying roof boarding over the rafters. Hydroinsulation and slats were laid over the boarding, and the hollow tile and stone slab cladding was re-laid over this. The reason for this intervention was that the original roof was leaking badly.
(11) This musandera, like the one in the small ground-floor room, was of simple workmanship. During conservation and restoration works in 1963, both musanderas were brought from a house in Dživar, a residential area on the outskirts of Trebinje. The hamamadžik was the original.
(12) During conservation and restoration works in 1963 this musandera was brought here from a house in Stolac.
(13) During conservation and restoration works in 1963 this musandera was brought here from a house in Stolac. It was the oldest musandera brought to the house.
(14) In the late 1960s conservation, restoration and alteration works on the konak began. These works were managed by Prof. Džemal Čelić. Given the proposed use of the building for tourism purposes and the condition of the building, the interventions carried out were fairly free. The description given here is of the original parts of the building, without reference to the interventions to the interior to convert it into a café-restaurant on the first floor and suite on the first floor.
(15) The assumption is that the building in the western part of the courtyard was used as a konak, with a storeroom on the ground floor. This view was expressed by Džemal Čelić.
(16) The reinforcement of the floor joists was carried out during interventions to the property in 1971.
(17) Since the building was converted in the late 1960s to provide facilities for actors and producers, the description here pertains only to the original parts of the building without reference to the interior alterations to provide cloakrooms and toilet blocks. [Translator's note: the term «household quarters» is used here in the sense of «below stairs» in households with indoor staff, i.e. the premises needed for the running of the household.]
(18) Quoted from article «Enterijeri, pitanje njihove zaštie i adaptacije», by Džemal Čelić, published in Naše starine X.
(19) “In the large chamber of this house neither the musanders nor the ceiling were carved, but were painted in polychrome, but by repainting in kitsch style the occupants had completely destroyed the original polychrome. In the other two rooms the musanders were of simple, recent carpentry work, probably made between the two wars.”, Enterijeri, pitanje njihove zaštie i adaptacije - Resulbegovića kuća u Trebinju i njena adaptacja za potrebe turizma, Dž. Čelić, p. 45
(20) These musanders are the oldest to have been transferred to the house. They were installed in the small chamber on the first floor, and probably dated from the 18th or even the late 17th century. They were brough here from an abandoned house in Stolac which was in ruins. The musanderas were in the room in which a famous feudal lord, lord of Hutovo, Hadžibeg Rizvanbegović-Hadžun, was killed in the early 19th century. Ibid, p. 45
(21) The house from which the musanderas and doors were taken belonged to the Serdareva family. It later belonged to the Tuka family, and is now the property of the Mahmutćehajić family.
(22) The house from which the musanderas were taken could not be protected as a cultural monument. Ibid, p. 45
(23) “The finely carved screen in the antechamber, the tall cupboard by the entrance to the first floor, and the škrabijas topping the sećijas in the large chamber, inset with ivory, mark the stylistic transition from the 19th to the 20th century and are typical of the products of various schools of the decorative arts, of the kind that were particularly fostered in our part of the world during the Austro-Hungarian occupation. Although these elements in fact introduce a discordant note into the authentic interior of an old Herzegovina house, we thought it was important to preserve and display them as the product of a long line of evolution, all the more so since every trace of the pseudo-oriental secession style in interiors has been radically eliminated everywhere, though we had very fine examples. “ Ibid, p. 45
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