Status of monument -> National monument
Published in the “Official Gazette of BiH” no. 53/08.
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 14 to 20 March 2006 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The historic building of the Uzeirbegović konak in Maglaj is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 28/2, 28/6 and 28/7 (old survey), Land Register entry nos. 425 and 426, cadastral municipality Maglaj, Municipality Maglaj, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02 and 6/04) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with the basic data on the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the site specified in Clause 1 para. 2 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- all works are prohibited other than conservation and restoration works, including works designed to present the monument, with the approval of the Federal ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- the erection of advertising hoardings, billboards and signs detrimental to the appearance of the property and its surroundings is prohibited.
On the adjoining plots, all new construction that could be detrimental in use, size or appearance to the National Monument is prohibited.
The Government of the Federation shall be responsible for providing the funds to relocate the road that runs right beside the National Monument.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are hereby revoked.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VI
The Government of the Federation, the Federal ministry responsible for regional planning, the Federation heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.aneks8komisija.com.ba)
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX
On the date of adoption of this Decision, the National Monument shall be deleted from the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02, Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 79/02, Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH no. 59/02, and Official Gazette of Brčko District BiH no. 4/03), where it featured under serial no. 368.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH and the Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.
No: 02-02-79/04-4
15 March 2006
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Dubravko Lovrenović
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a decision to add the Uzeirbegović konak in Maglaj to the Provisional List of National Monuments under serial no. 368.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and current owner and user of the property
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The National Monument stands on the right bank of the river Bosna very close to the centre of Maglaj, some 100 metres north of the fort, on the old road from Maglaj to Doboj. To the west, the site is bounded by the river Bosnia, and to the east, by the local road. The width of the site is the same as the overall width of the property. To the south, the site is bounded by the outbuildings belonging to the main building, and to the north by the toilet built as an annex to the main building.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 28/2, 28/6 and 28/7 (old survey), Land Register entry nos. 425 and 426, cadastral municipality Maglaj, Municipality Maglaj, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical information
The area constituting the present-day municipality of Maglaj contains numerous historical strata. It has known prehistoric sites (Palaeolithic: at the boundary of Maglaj, Tešanj and Doboj municipalities(1); Neolithic: Kraljičino guvno and Kraljevine near Novi Šeher(2), alongside the Liješnice brook to its confluence with the river Bosna near Maglaj(3), Vinogradine and Šije in the Bosna valley(4); Eneolithic: Vinogradine in Ševarlije near Maglaj(5)); and Roman era sites (close to Novi Šeher(6), Makljenovac(7), Trbuk(8), Paklenice(9)).
The erection of a mediaeval fort on the steep cliff above the river Bosna was certainly the most significant event in the history of this area, and the one that definitively dictated the site and the centre of the future settlement. To judge from its position, this occurred before the introduction of firearms, sometime during the 13th century. The position of the fort remained dominant as long as the principal weapon was the bow and arrow, but when these were replaced by cannon, the adjacent hilltops became bastions for an attack on the fort itself.(10)
The earliest written data that could relate to Maglaj is to be found in a charter of King Stjepan Ostoja addressed to the people of Dubrovnik and dated 15 January 1399(11) (State archives in Dubrovnik, Acta et diplomata. no. 131, Vienna no. 1037), while what is beyond doubt the earliest known written source making direct reference to Maglaj is a charter sub castro nostro Maglay (“below our castle of Maglaj”) dated 18 September 1408(12). (Ferdo Šišić, Vjesnik Kr. hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog arkiva [Jnl of the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Archives], Zagreb, 1904, 135). Archaeological finds from the Maglaj fort suggest that life was flourishing there in the late 14th and early 15th century(13), and that at that time the process of urbanization was in full swing in mediaeval Bosnia(14), which clearly affected Maglaj as well.
In 1476 the towns of Maglaj, Doboj and Tešanj came under Ottoman rule(15). Ottoman sources first refer to Maglaj in a defter of 1485 as «Nahija of the town (fort) of Maglaj», which was established that same year.(16)
When Srebrenik fell to the Ottomans in 1512, the defence line of King Matthias Corvinus established in 1464 was breached, and the Hungarian army was forced back out of Bosnia. From then on, the Maglaj fort remained far back in the Ottoman rearguard. Its strategic importance waned still further following the defeat of Hungary at the battle of Mohács in 1526 and the overthrow of the Jajce banate in 1528. During the Habsburg Ottoman war of 1683 to 1699, Maglaj was torched on two occasions. The first was in August 1683, when Jovan Ferdinand Kiba, commander of Brod, attacked Maglaj and looted and torched the entire town(17); the second was on 30 October 1697, when Eugene of Savoy’s troops blew up the Maglaj fort during their retreat from Bosnia. From 1699 the Ottomans were on the defensive, and Bosnia, the westernmost Ottoman province, was exposed to frequent attack. As a result, efforts were made to fortify and guard the new borders as effectively as possible. This led to the formation of the Maglaj kapetanija (captaincy), the earliest reference to which dates from 25 October 1753.(18) In 1782 the powder magazine, five towers and five watchtowers were repaired, but these repairs did not greatly alter either the strength or the appearance of the fortress.(19) In 1789, the Austrians (under General Laudon) briefly occupied the Maglaj fortress, but left it intact.(20)
During the Ottoman period the town acquired its final contours, dominated by the old fort and with a sprawling town on the outskirts, linked to the left bank of the river Bosna by a ferry where the bridge now stands.
After fierce fighting on 3 to 5 August 1978(21), Maglaj came under Austrian rule.
The modern age and industrial development defined the final appearance of the town, with the older part on the right bank and the new on the left bank of the river, linked by a road bridge, and of entirely different structure functionally, architecturally, historically and in terms of townscape.
Konak is a Turkish word meaning a house, although in some cases it can also denote the residence of senior officials of state. The Uzeirbegović konak was the home of the wealthy Maglaj family of that name, and was built by Salihbeg Uzeirbegović in about 1875(22), with the layout appropriate to buildings dating from the transitional period from Ottoman oriental to Austrian and western European architecture. The heirs of the Maglaj kapetans (captains) Uzeirbegović took their surname from Uzeir-beg, brother of Emin-beg, the last kapetan of Maglaj. With the abolition of the captaincy, Uzeirbeg became the muselim of Maglaj. He died in Maglaj on 28 February 1872 (18.12.1288 AH.).(23)
2. Description of the monument
In ground plan, the Uzeirbegović konak is of complex layout, with the extremely pure forms typical of the residential architecture of small towns such as Travnik, Tešanj or Jajce. As in other houses of this type, the first floor is made of lightweight materials, whereas the basement and ground floor, which are in direct contact with the soil, are of durable materials – stone with lime mortar as binder.
The basement area measures 920 x 345 cm, with the ceiling 275 cm high and walls of cut stone laid in lime mortar with coarse-grained sand. The basement floor is rammed earth and the ceiling is of unplaned boards. The west wall of the basement has a ventilation aperture of trapezoid cross-section with the inside of irregular size.
The ground floor is divided into two sections separated by a cut stone wall in which there are two doors formed by an arch and doorjambs of finely cut stone. The ceiling height in the entrance area is 290 cm, and constitutes a hall with the staircase leading to the first floor and a corridor leading to the annex to the building. To the left and right of the entrance door are rooms known as halvats, with half-timbered (post-and-pan, čatma) walls and doors 225 cm in height and of differing widths. The single rectangular wooden-framed windows with iron bars face east and one each facing north and south. The flood of the hall was of cut paving stones measuring 40 x 40 cm laid in fine-grain river sand, and the floors of the side rooms were of narrow boards nailed to the floor joists. The ceiling is a finely executed šiše (slatted). The walls are plastered with slaked lime plaster.
The other, western section of the ground floor is a storeroom with a ceiling 255 cm high, currently constituting a single space although it was originally divided into two roughly equal rooms. The floor is of narrow boards nailed to the floor joists, and the ceiling of nicely finished boards and slats forming a šiše nailed to the board that originally held the rammed earth ceiling. The single, wooden-framed windows are arched and fitted with wrought iron bars.
The first floor centres on the hajat or landing, which runs east-west between the outside walls, which project outwards oriel-style over the stone ground floor walls. To the south and north of the hajat were areas for heating the building, and access to the first floor of the annex was to the north. The four corners each had spacious, well-lit čardak verandas (enclosed balconies) with double wooden windows. The čardak to the south-west of the first floor stood out in particular, with its finely executed interior, half-timbered and lime-plastered. The ceiling height of the first floor was 295 cm, the floors were of narrow boards, and the entire ceiling is a finely worked šiše of thin deal boards and moulded laths. The walls both inside and out are of half-timbered construction with timber infill and were finished with lime plaster.
The outward appearance and the pitch of the roof are typical of central Bosnia. The roof is steeply pitched, as is to be expected given the climatic conditions of the region, with its heavy snowfalls; the original roof cladding was shingles. The structure of the roof is modified sloped studs on the roof beams, and is entirely separate from the ceiling structure of the first floor, with a cladding of plain brown tiles.
The annex is to the north of the building and separated from it by a passageway 110 cm wide leading down to the river bank. The walls of the annex measure 475 x 210 cm. The walls and foundation of the annex are of cut stone in lime mortar, given additional rigidity by oak tiebeams, and are 50 cm thick. The annex was used as a lavatory block and was cleaned by river water through a semicircular aperture at the base of the walls of the annex.
The courtyard is to the south of the building and has a retaining wall of cut stone at the basement level of the main building and on the side next the road, with a thickness of 45 cm and an average height of 120 cm. On the side next the river the courtyard has a wrought iron fence.
3. Legal status to date
By ruling of the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural Historical and Natural Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina no. 02-11-2/70 the building was placed under state protection.
The Regional Plan of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to 2002 lists the building as part of the urban ensemble of Maglaj, which is valorized as a Category I monument – of national importance.
The Commission issued a decision to add the Uzeirbegović konak in Maglaj to the Provisional List of National Monuments, under serial no. 368.
4. Research and conservation and restoration works
Until 1997 no conservation or restoration works had been carried out on the Uzeirbegović konak other than routine maintenance by the tenants, which had led to the building being in a state of dilapidation.
Between 1996 and 2001, research and conservation and restoration works were carried out by the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina in association with the Swedish non-governmental organization Cultural Heritage without Borders (CHwB). The works were carried out in three stages:
Stage 1, 1996 – preventive protection
As a result of the war and human neglect, the building was in an advanced state of dereliction. The absence of a roof cladding over a long period had left the basic structural system of the roof itself, the ceiling structure and the structure of the first floor exposed to the elements, which had led to the rapid deterioration of the entire building. Preventive protection of the structure was effected by a temporary cover of PVC sheeting.
Stage 2, 1999 – structural repair and exterior
During stage 2, works were carried out to repair the walls, clean the floor, replace rotten tie beams, remove later additions of brick walls and disinfect the walls using water-soluble slaked lime.
Structural repairs to the floor joists were carried out, the floor boards were replaced, the wooden half-timbered walls were repaired, the sound parts of the wooden šiše ceiling were removed for safe keeping, the existing parts of the doors were removed for safe keeping, the windows were repaired, the lime mortar was stripped from the inside walls and the ceiling joists were repaired. The existing parts of the staircase were dismantled and the paved flooring replaced with temporary concrete slabs. Metal doors were installed to the annex.
The structural part of the floor and roof structure were completely reconstructed and the windows repaired and temporary flooring laid. The surviving parts of the doors and decorative laths were stored on the ground floor. The building was clad with plain tiles.
Stage 3, 2000 – reconstruction of the interior of the main building of the konak and the annex and making good the surrounding area
During stage 3, the interior was completely reconstructed, the walls, floors and šiše ceilings throughout were treated, a new wooden staircase and banister were installed, and all the interior woodwork was replaced.
The annex was in a completely ruinous state, so much so that reconstruction was carried out on the basis of archive documentation and details discovered during the research works. Before works began the annex consisted of no more than the stone foundations the depth of which, like that of the building from which they were separated by a passageway 100 cm wide leading down to the river bank. The annex was completely rebuilt in half-timbering with an infill of wooden beams, a simple roof and a cladding of plain tiles. Part of the annex houses the lavatory block on the ground floor and kitchen on the first floor. The stone steps between the main building and the annex were completely dug out and repaired.
Completely new water and drainage pipes, electric wiring, telephone wiring and lightning conductor were installed.
5. Current condition of the property
The property is in good condition both as to the exterior and the interior.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C.ii. quality of materials
C.iv. composition
D. Clarity
D.ii. evidence of historical change
D.iv. evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner
D.v. evidence of a typical way of life at a specific period
E. Symbolic value
E.iii. traditional value
E.v. significance for the identity of a group of people
F. Townscape/ Landscape value
F.i. Relation to other elements of the site
F.ii. meaning in the townscape
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Copy of cadastral plan;
- Copy of land register entry and proof of title;
- Photodocumentation:
- photographs from the Commission to Preserve National Monument of BiH,
- photographs from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and sport;
- Drawings - restoration works project, stage II:
- architecture,
- technical description,
- bill of quantities,
- structural engineer's report,
- blueprints,
- water and drainage pipes,
- electric wiring.
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the architectural ensemble of the Uzeirbegović konak in Maglaj as a national monument, the following works were consulted:
Documentation of the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of BiH
1951. KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, Hamdija, Prilozi povjesti bosanskih gradova pod turskom upravom (Contributions to the history of Bosnian towns under Turkish rule), Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju (Contributions to oriental philology), Sarajevo–II (1951).
1965. BOJANOVSKI, Ivo, “Stari grad Maglaj: Istraživački i konzervatorski radovi 1962. i 1963. g.” (Old Maglaj fort: research and conservation works 1962 and 1963), Naše starine, Sarajevo – X(1965).
1980. KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, Hamdija, Kapetanije u Bosni i Hercegovini (Captaincies in BiH), 2nd ed. Sarajevo, Svjetlost, 1980.
1999. LJUCA, Adin, Maglaj na tragovima prošlosti (Maglaj in the footsteps of the past), Prague, 1999.
(1) Kulturna historija Bosne i Hercegovine (Cultural history of BiH), Sarajevo, VM, 1966, 14-15.
(2) Obituary: Tomo Dragičević., Jnl of the Nat. Mus. Sarajevo – XXVI(1914).
(3) Kulturna istorija Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo, VM, 1966, 49-50.
(4) ČOVIĆ, Borivoj, “Uvod u stratigrafiju i hronologiju praistorijskih gradina u Bosni” (Introduction to the stratigraphy and chronology of prehistoric hillforts in Bosnia), Jnl of the Nat. Mus. Sarajevo – XX(1965), 68-69.
(5) BENAC, Alojz, “Prilozi za proučavanje neolita u sjevernoj Bosni” (Contributions to the study of the Neolithic in northern Bosnia), Jnl of the Nat. Mus. Sarajevo – (1964), 129-134.
(6) Tomo Dragičević, “Ruševine rimskih kuća u Novom Šeheru” (Ruins of a Roman villa in Novi Šeher), Jnl of the Nat. Mus. Sarajevo – VIII(1896), 423-427.
(7) PAŠALIĆ, Esad, “Antička naselja i komunikacije u Bosni i Hercegovini” (Antique-era settlements and communications in BiH), Sarajevo. Nat. Mus, 1960, 45.
(8) SERGEJEVSKI, Dimitrije, “Numizmatičke beleške” (Numismatic notes), Jnl of the Nat. Mus. Sarajevo – XLIV(1932), 28.
(9) BOROEVIC, Svetozar, Durch Bosnien. Illustrirter Führer auf K.u K. Bosna-Bahn, Wien, 1890, 49.
(10) BOJANOVSKI, Ivo, “Stari grad Maglaj: Istraživački i konzervatorski radovi 1962. i 1963. g” (The old Maglaj fort: research and conservation works 1962 and 1963), Naše starine, Sarajevo – X(1965), 66.
(11) ČREMOŠNIK Sr Gregor, “Prodaja bosanskog Primorja Dubrovniku god. 1399. i kralj Ostoja” (The sale of the Bosnian coastal region to Dubrovnik in 1399 and King Ostoja), Jnl of the Nat. Mus, 1928.
(12) Mihályi: Máramarosi diplomák a XIV. és XV. Századbόl, Máramaros-Sziget, 1900, 156.
(13) BOJANOVSKI, Ivo, “Stari grad Maglaj: Istraživački i konzervatorski radovi 1962. i 1963. g.”, Naše starine, Sarajevo – X(1965), 61-97.
(14) KOVAČEVIĆ-KOJIĆ Desanka, Gradska naselja srednjevjekovne bosanske države (Urban settlements of the mediaeval Bosnian state)
(15) HANDŽIĆ, Adem, “Nahija Brod krajem XV i početkom XVI vijeka” (Brod nahija in the late 15th and early 15th century), Proceedings III – Museum of the City of Zenica, Zenica, 1973, Idem: Studije o Bosni: historijski prilozi iz osmansko-turskog perioda (Studies on Bosnia: historical contributions from the Ottoman Turkish period), Istanbul, Research Centre For Islamic History, Art and Culture, 1994. 103-104.
(16) ŠABANOVIĆ, Hazim, Bosanski pašaluk: Postanak i upravna podjela (The Bosnian pashaluk: origins and administrative division), ND BiH, Works, bk XIV, Dept. of Historical and Philological Studies, bk. 10. Sarajevo, 1959. 150.
(17) IVIĆ, Aleksa, Migracije Srba u Slavoniju (Migrations of Serbs to Slavonia), SEZ. Bk. XXXVI. Section I, Naselja i poreklo stanovništva po arhivskim dokumentima (Settlements and population origins from archive documents), Bk. 21. Subotica – 1926, 137.
(18) KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, Hamdija, Kapetanije u Bosni i Hercegovini (Captaincies in BiH), 2nd. ed. Sarajevo, Svjetlost, 1980, 17-19.
(19) KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, Hamdija, Prilozi povjesti bosanskih gradova pod turskom upravom (Contributions to the history of Bosnian towns under Turkish rule), POF, Sar.–II(1951).
BOJANOVSKI, Ivo, “Stari grad Maglaj: Istraživački i konzervatorski radovi 1962. i 1963. g.”, Naše starine, Sarajevo – X(1965), 81.
(20) TRUHELKA, Ćiro, “Maglaj”, Nada, Sarajevo – IX(1903), No. 17, 232.
(21) HOLTZ, Georg Frh. V., Von Brod bis Sarajevo, Illustriert von K. Roland, Wien und Leipzig, C.W. Stern Verlag, 1907
LJUCA, Adin, Maglaj na tragovima prošlosti (Maglaj in the footsteps of the past) (trans: Raymond Rehnicer), Prague. 1999, 268-291.
(22) LJUCA, Adin, Maglaj na tragovima prošlosti (trans: Raymond Rehnicer), Prague. 1999, 268-291.
(23) KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, Hamdija, Kapetanije u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2nd ed. Sar., Svjetlost, 1980, 173-174.
|
