Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 4 to 6 February 2013 the Commission adopted a

D E C I S I O N

I

The historic site of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Bor in Hrđavci, Municipality Foča, is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).

The National Monument consists of the necropolis with 28 stećaks.

The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 800 (new survey), title deed no. 71, cadastral municipality Rodijelj, Municipality Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 9/04, 70/06 and 64/08) shall apply to the National Monument.

II

The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.

The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.

III

To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the area defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:

-       all works are prohibited other than research and conservation-restoration works and routine maintenance works, including those designed to display the monument, with the approval of the Ministry responsible for regional planning in Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the relevant ministry) and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority);

-       infrastructure works may be carried out with the approval of the relevant ministry and subject to the expert opinion of the heritage protection authority;

-       no works shall be carried out to tidy the necropolis or make good any damage without a prior repair, restoration and conservation plan, and with the approval of the relevant ministry and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority;

-       the removal of the tombstones from the graves to any other location is prohibited;

-       the removal of lichen and moss from the stećaks is prohibited;

-       by way of exception to the above provision, the stećaks may be cleaned if required to examine the epigraphic or decorative features of a stećak, subject to first compiling a report and obtaining the approval of the entity ministry responsible for regional planning. The report should be based on such biological, chemical, physical and other analyses as a conservator considers necessary, and should include appropriate conservation measures and an assessment of the impact of cleaning methods on the stone;

-       the area is a potential archaeological site, and any investigative works must be carried out in the presence of an archaeologist;

-       the site of the monument shall be open and accessible to the public, and may be used for educational and cultural purposes;

-       the dumping of waste is prohibited.

The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible in particular for ensuring that the following measures are carried out:

-       conducting a geodetic survey of the site;

-       drawing up and implementing a plan for the repair, restoration and conservation of the site, with a preliminary survey of its current state in order to determine the type and degree of vulnerability of the site and the damage to the tombstones;

-       drawing up a maintenance plan for the site.

IV

All movable artefacts found during the course of the archaeological survey shall be deposited in the nearest museum able to provide the necessary personnel, material and technical conditions or in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, processed, and suitably presented.     

By way of exception to the provisions of para. 1 of this Clause, until such time as the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina reopens, and if the nearest museum is unable to provide the necessary personnel, material and technical conditions, the principals of the archaeological investigations are required to submit a written request to the Commission to specify the institution where the archaeological finds shall be temporarily housed.

All movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the archaeological investigations shall be professionally analyzed.

Upon completion of the archaeological works the archaeologist in charge of the investigations shall submit a report to the Commission and to the institution that conducted the investigations.

The archaeologist leading the investigations must have access to all the movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the investigations and until his/her report is completed, for a period not exceeding three years.

All immovable finds shall be conserved in situ as the archaeological investigations proceed, and the movable archaeological material shall be conserved and placed for safe keeping in a suitable storage facility.

Upon receipt of a report on the investigations conducted, the Commission shall identify which movable artefacts shall be subject to protection measures to be determined by the Commission.

The removal of the movable artefacts referred to in para. 1 above from Bosnia and Herzegovina is prohibited.

By way of exception to the provisions of paragraph 7 of this Clause, if the leader of the investigations determines that a given archaeological artefact must be processed abroad, and provides evidence to that effect to the Commission, the Commission may permit the temporary removal of the artefact from the country subject to detailed conditions for its export, treatment while out of the country and return to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

V

All executive and area development-planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.

VI

Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of Republika Srpska, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.

VII

The Government of Republika Srpska, the relevant ministry and the heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II – VI of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.

VIII

The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba).

IX

Pursuant to Art. V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.

X

This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.

This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, and Ljiljana Ševo.

No: 05.2-02.3-53/13-3

5 February 2013

Sarajevo

Chair of the Commission

Ljlijana Ševo

E l u c i d a t i o n

I – INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of  BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.

On 14 September 2011 Ifet Rogo of Sarajevo submitted a proposal/petition to the Commission to designate the Kaursko groblje (stećaks) and Muslim burial ground (Bor), Hrđavci, Foča, as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V, para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.

Statement of Significance

The mediaeval tombstones known as stećaks provide impressive evidence of the growing economic power of Bosnian feudal society in the 14th century, the opening of mines, increasing urbanization, and the wish of individuals to display their status and power through the appearance of their tombstones.

The necropolis with stećaks at Bor contains 28 stećaks, all chest-shaped with the exception of one gabled (sarcophagus-like) tombstone, and in good condition. They were made of two different types of stone, and are lying west-east and north-south. One is decorated with two swastikas and three crosses in relief and reverse relief.

II – PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE

In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:

-       details of the current condition and use of the property, including a description, architectural survey and photographs

-       an inspection of the current state of the property

-       a copy of the cadastral plan

-       a copy of the Land Register entry

-       historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision

Pursuant to Article V para. 2 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 37 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, before rendering a final decision designating a property as a national monument, the Commission is required to provide the owner of the proposed monument, the person submitting the petition, the institutions responsible for heritage, professional and academic institutions, experts and scholars, as well as other interested parties, to express their views. The Commission received the petition on 14 September 2011.

Accordingly, the Commission took the following steps:

-       sent a letter ref. 05.2-35.2-8/11-130 dated 20 September 2011 requesting documentation and views on the designation of the necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča as a national monument to Foča Municipality (Mayor), department responsible for urbanism and cadastral affairs, the Ministry of Regional Planning, Construction and the Environment of Republika Srpska, the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska, and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport

-       sent a letter ref 05.2-36.1-11/12-83 dated 16 August 2012 to the department responsible for urbanism and cadastral affairs, Foča Municipality, requesting a copy of the cadastral plan and Land Register entry for the plot of which Bećir Beširević is sole owner, and seeking the owner’s views on the designation of the property, as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina

-       published an announcement in the Official Gazette of BiH no. 103/12 of 24 January 2013 to inform the public that the procedure to designate this and other properties as national monuments was under way and appealing to the owners and other interested natural and juristic persons, bodies and institutions to submit their views on the designation of the property as a national monument to the Commission within 30 days.

As of the date on which this Decision was rendered, the Commission had received the following documentation:

-       letter ref. 07-40-4-4069-1/11 of 28 September 2011 from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and sport, supplying the Commission with details of the listing and prior statutory protection of the necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča

-       letter ref. 07/1.20/624-650-1/2011 of 28 September 2011 from the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska notifying the Commission to Preserve National Monuments that the RS Institute has no record of the listing and prior statutory protection of the necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča

-       copy of cadastral plan no. 5, scale 1:2500, for c.p. no. 800 (new survey), title deed no. 71, c.m. Rodijelj, Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, supplied to the Commission on 20 November 2012 by Foča Municipality, Department of Social Affairs

-       as of the date this Decision was rendered, the views of the owner of the plot had not been received.

The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the property are as follows:

1. Details of the property

Location

The village of Hrđavci is 10.25 km as the crow flies north-west of Foča town centre, at an altitude of 824 m, 43° 34.790'N and 18° 42.120'E(1), on the western slopes of Hotka hill (1231) high above the left bank of the RIver Kolina.

The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 800 (new survey), title deed no. 71, cadastral municipality Rodijelj, Municipality Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Historical background

Ivo Bojanovski is of the opinion that in Roman times, the upper Drina valley constitute a separate civitas, as in mediaeval times, or was part of the municipium in Komini near Pljevlje (Municipium S...), with which the Drina valley forms a natural entity. Judging from the meagre sources available, in pre-Roman times the area belonged to the tribal federation of the Pirustae, which Ptolemy included among the civitates of eastern Dalmatia. Strabo regarded them as one of the more powerful Pannonian tribes. Together with the Desidiates, they fought to the death against the Romans, and were the last to be defeated in Bato’s uprising of 6-9 CE. J. Knežević studied the area from the hodological perspective, followed by K. Patsch. Their research revealed that the area was already quite densely populated in pre-Roman times, with numerous castella and oppida, together with tumuli; the population density was greatest along the central course of the Ćehotina and its tributaries.

Foča occupies a very favourable location where there was a crossroads in ancient times, making Roman finds in Foča very likely. One of the roads followed the Ćehotina valley to Pljevlje (mun. S...) – later known as the Ragusan road. Another ran along the Drina valley and Sutjeska to the south and north. One of the largest Roman settlements in the upper Drina valley was at the confluence of the Koluna and the Drina at Ustikolina. Remains of Roman buildings have been found on both sides of the Koluna, right the way down to its confluence with the Drina (at Oklaci) and Ćelija, a diluvial terrace in the southern part of the settlement covering an area of about 150 x 100 m, where the temple and burial site of the settlement were lolcated, and the foundations of buildings have been found just beneath the surface in gardens. The foundations of a sizeable villa rustica (walls, polychrome mosaic of white, blue, red and black tesserae, a hypocaust etc.) have been found at Gromile, right by the right bank of the Drina, at Cvilina, opposite Ustikolina, level with the mouth of the Kosova (Kosovski brook). The outlines of three buildings, the foundations of which are relatively well preserved, were identified in an area of rather more than a hectare. This is a villa rustica of the 2nd or 3rd century, forming the heart of a large landed property (/w«i/i/J [sic], a praedium), probably consisting of the entire Cvilina polje, about 3 kilometres long and 300 metres wide, and seemingly the surrounding woodland and pastures. A bridge over the Drina connected the villa with the settlement in Ustikolina.

Though there is no great wealth of Roman remains in the Drina valley, particularly those in a complete state (partly for lack of investigation), they nonetheless provide good evidence of the Roman presence and activities in this ore and forest-rich area. The upper Drina valley has not been studied from this perspective either, but toponyms and archaeology provide ample evidence of mining activity, particularly of silver and lead in the Koluna valley, around Ustikolina, and around Foča and along the Ćehotina valley as far as Pljevlje. There was significant mining activity in Roman times too, while later, in the 12th and 13th centuries(2), Saxon miners were active there, as the many toponyms deriving from the root “Sas” attest. I. Bojanovski associates the name Foča with mining, deriving it from the mining term Hod-ica, hođica, “open-cast where digging continued for a long time, going deep into the ground,” giving the mediaeval name for Foča – Choca, Coza, Choza.  This continued until the seams were exhausted in mediaeval times(3).

There is mention of the Drina/upper Drina area, around the upper course of the river, in the Chronicles of the Doclean priest(4). Its considerable economic and political importance can be traced from then on, whether it was within the mediaeval state of Serbia or of Bosnia. In 1373 the area belonged to Bosnia, when Tvrtko I and knez Lazar agreed to divide up the holdings of the Serbian župan Nikola Altomanović. The upper Drina valley is rich in forests and ideal for herding and bee-keeping, while the fertile valleys began very early to export grain to Dubrovnik. At the same time the area remained a major crossroads, vital to international communications. The road from Dubrovnik led through the area to mediaeval Serbia and on to the Istanbul road, known as the Via Drine or Via Choce, Hotče. The Drina district thus linked Dubrovnik with Serbia and the rest of the Balkans. A road also led upstream from Foča via Goražde to Srebrenica, Serbia and on to Hungary. Foča was well known as a trading centre owned by the Hranić-Kosača family.  The earliest reference to it in written sources dates from 1368(5).

2. Description of the property

A macadam road branches off to the left from the Ustikolina to Jabuka road at the village of Šahbašići, leading to Hrđavci and Malo Marevo. The necropolis with stećaks is at the entrance to Hrđavci, 100 m below the road to the right, at an altitude of 849 m, 43º 34. 395' N and 18º 42. 005' E(6). By agreement with his neighbours, local resident Ifet Rogo has erected a sign indicating the way to the necropolis. The eastern part of the plot, designated as c.p. 800, c.m. Rodijelj, contains the necropolis with stećaks occupying an area of 40 x 30 cm, which was used for burials according to the ritual of the mediaeval Bosnian Church. Examination of the tombstones in situ yielded basic information about them. Their shape and the presence of decorations usually depend on their date of origin, enabling us to date the stećaks to the late mediaeval period (14th century).

The site was found to contain 28 stećaks, all chest-shaped with the exception of one gabled (sarcophagus-like) tombstone (no. 22), and in good condition. They are arrayed in rows running north-south, with the tombstones themselves lying west-east, with the exception of stećaks 8, i, 10, 11 and 19(7), which are lying north-south. The stećaks, which are in good condition, were made of two different types of stone. Some have sunk into the ground. Stećak no. 2 is decorated with two swastikas and three crosses in bas- and reverse relief. A Muslim burial ground still in use is located about 50 m to the south-east of the necropolis with stećaks.

The petition to designate the site calls it the “Kaursko groblje (stećaks) and Muslim burial ground (Bor), Hrđavci, Foča,” but during the survey of the tombstones it was found that the local population call the site where the stećaks are located “Bor,” hence the title for the Decision has been amended to “Necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča Municipality.”

When the nišan gravestones were inspected by the Commission’s freelance associate Hazim Numanagić, it was found that there are no nišans in the Muslim burial ground that meet the criteria for designation as a national monument.

Condition of the stećaks

Stećak no. 1. – chest, undecorated, covered with topsoil, west end visible, lying west-east; the stećak measures 100 cm wide x 30 cm high.

Stećak no. 2. – chest with decoration, leaning to the north, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 220x106x45 cm.

The west end is decorated with three small crosses between which are two swastikas.  The crosses are in relief and the swastikas in reverse relief.

Stećak no. 3. – chest, undecorated, sunken, western part of the top damaged, covered with creepers, lying west-east; the stećak measures 170x73x17 cm.

Stećak no. 4. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the north, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 215x92x30 cm.

Stećak no. 5. – chest, undecorated, sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 170x75x09 cm.

Stećak no. 6. – chest, undecorated, sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 175x80x07 cm.

Stećak no. 7. – chest, undecorated, sunken, covered with lichen, lying west-east; the stećak measures 170x75x15 cm.

Stećak no. 8. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the east, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; the stećak measures 202x92x25 cm.

Stećak no. 9. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the east, covered with lichen and moss, with low-growing plants between this and no. 8 and posing a threat to both stećaks as it grows, lying north-south; the stećak measures 195x107x35 cm.

Stećak no. 10. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the east, lying north-south; the stećak measures 194x80x13 cm.

Stećak no. 11. – chest with plinth, undecorated, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; the stećak measures 167x42x33 cm; the plinth measures 198x62x20 cm.

A feature is that there is no plinth on the west side, which has not been worked in the same way as the other three sides.

Stećak no. 12. – chest, undecorated, sunken, lying west-east; the stećak measures 165x70x05 cm.

Stećak no. 13. – chest, undecorated, of fine workmanship, lying west-east; the stećak measures 190x95x28 cm.

Stećak no. 14. – chest, undecorated, partly sunken, edges of the top damaged, lying west-east; the stećak measures 156x100x15 cm.

Stećak no. 15. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the south, lying west-east; the stećak measures 215x90x19 cm.

Stećak no. 16. – chest, undecorated, covered with lichen, lying west-east; the stećak measures 200x106x18 cm.

Stećak no. 17. – chest, undecorated, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 208x107x25 cm.

Stećak no. 18. – chest, undecorated, leaning to the north, lying west-east; the stećak measures 170x97x28 cm.

Stećak no. 19. – chest, undecorated, completely sunken, covered with topsoil and grass, located on the approach path to the necropolis, lying west-east; the stećak measures 116 cm visible length x 07 cm visible height.

Stećak no. 20. – chest, undecorated, sunken, covered with lichen, lying west-east; the stećak measures 150 x 120 x 11 cm.

Stećak no. 21. – chest, undecorated, with earth piled up against the east end, lying west-east; the stećak measures 187x90x10 cm.

Stećak no. 22. – gabled, undecorated, sunken to roof height and leaning to the south, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 187x 85 x visible height 18 cm.

Stećak no. 23. – chest, undecorated, with earth piled up against the east end, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 150x94x27 cm.

Stećak no. 24. – chest, undecorated, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 230x110x22 cm.

Stećak no. 25. – chest, undecorated, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 190x135x12 cm.

Stećak no. 26. – chest, undecorated, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 168x70x15 cm.

Stećak no. 27. – chest with plinth, undecorated, piled up with earth to plinth height on the north side, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 157x57x38 cm; the plinth measures 185x88x20 cm.

Stećak no. 28. – chest, undecorated, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; the stećak measures 205x90x10 cm.

3. Legal status to date

The findings of an inspection of the documentation on statutory protection of the property during the preliminary procedure are as follows:

The Regional Plan for BiH to 2000 lists 34 sites of necropolises with stećaks (1459 stećaks) in Foča Municipality, without precise identification(8).

Letter ref. 07-40-4-4069-1/11 of 28 September 2011 from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport states that the necropolis of stećaks at Kaursko groblje and the nišan gravestones at Bor in the village of Hrđavci, Foča Municipality was not recorded under that heading and was not on the Register of Cultural Monuments of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

4. Research and conservation-restoration works

No investigative or conservation-restoration works have been carried out.

5. Current condition of the property

The findings of on-site inspections conducted on 13 September 2011, 15 August 2012 and 5 December 2012 are as follows:

-       as plant growth resumes in spring the necropolis becomes overgrown with grass and low-growing plants,

-       some of the tombstones are chipped, damaged, overturned or partly or wholly sunken into the ground, and are covered to a greater or lesser extent with plant organisms (lichen and moss),

-       the survey of the necropolis uncovered 19 stećaks, but after the petitioner had cleared the site to remove low-growing plants and grass the final number was found to be 28,

-       the petitioner has erected a signpost bearing the words Nekropola Hrđavci by the road to the village, to direct passers-by to the site with the stećaks.

6. Specific risks

-       deterioration of the site as a result of long-term neglect

-       adverse effects of the elements

-       self-sown vegetation.

III – CONCLUSION

Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.

The Decision was based on the following criteria:

A.         Time frame

B.         Historical value

C.         Artistic and aesthetic value

C.i.       quality of workmanship

C.ii.      quality of materials

C.v.      value of details

C.vi.     value of construction

D.         Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)

D.i.       material evidence of a lesser known historical era

E.         Symbolic value

E.ii.      religious value

E.iii.      traditional value

E.v.      significance for the identity of a group of people

G.         Authenticity

G.i.       form and design

G.ii.      material and content

G.iii.     use and function

G.iv.     traditions and techniques

G.v.      location and setting

The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:

-       Ownership documentation

-         Copy of cadastral plan no. 5, scale 1:2500, for c.p. no. 800 (new survey), title deed no. 71, c.m. Rodijelj, Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, supplied to the Commission on 20 November 2012 by Foča Municipality, Department of Social Affairs.

-       Documentation on prior protection of the property

-         Letter ref. 07-40-4-4069-1/11 of 28 September 2011 from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and sport, supplying the Commission with details of the listing and prior statutory protection of the necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča.

-         Letter ref. 07/1.20/624-650-1/2011 of 28 September 2011 from the RS Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage notifying the Commission to Preserve National Monuments that the RS Institute has no record of the listing and prior statutory protection of the necropolis with stećaks at Bor in Hrđavci, Foča.

-       Photodocumentation

-         Photographs of the property taken on 13 September 2011, 15 August 2012 and 5 December 2012 by historian Zijad Halilović using Canon EOS 450D digital camera.

-       Technical documentation

-         Technical drawings of the necropolis (plan of the necropolis, drawings of the tombstones) measured and surveyed on 15 August and 5 December 2012 by historian Zijad Halilović and Milka Grujić BSc.Arch.

Bibliography

During the procedure to designate the monument as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted: 

1980.    Various authors. Prostorni plan Bosne i Hercegovine, faza b – valorizacija, prirodne i kulturno-historijske vrijednosti (Regional Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, phase B – valorization of natural, cultural and historical assets). Sarajevo: Institute for Architecture and Town and Country Planning of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo and the Planning Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, 1980.

1981.    Kovačević-Kojić, Desanka. “Arhivsko-istorijska istraživanja Gornjeg Podrinja.” (Archival and historical research into the upper Drina region). Sarajevo: Naše starine XIV-XV, 1981, 109.-125

1988.    Arheološki leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine (Archaeological lexicon of BiH), Vol. 3. Sarajevo: National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1988, 119-132

1988.    Bojanovski, Ivo. “Gornje Podrinje (Municipium S . . .?),” in: Bosna i Hercegovina u antičko doba (The upper Drina [Municipium S...?] in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Antiquity). Sarajevo: ANUBiH vol.LXVI, CBI vol. 6. 1988, 204, 205

2009.    Živković, Tibor. Gesta regum Sclavorum. Belgrade: Istorijski institut Beograd – Manastir Ostrog, Tom II, 2009