Status of monument -> National monument
Published in the Official Gazette of BiH, no. 92/11.
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held in Banja Luka and Sarajevo from 6 to 9 September 2011 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The residential architectural ensemble of the Hadžibegova house (the house of Ljubović Hasanbey) in Zvornik is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument consists of the house, courtyard, courtyard wall and orchard.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. 8/28, 8/37 and 8/38 (old survey), Land Register entry nos. 4401, 5599 and 4270, cadastral municipality Zvornik, Municipality Zvornik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 9/02, 70/06 and 64/08) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up notice boards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the site defined in Clause 1 para. 2 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- investigative works, conservation-restoration works, works designed to ensure the sustainable use of the property, and works designed for the presentation of the National Monument are permitted, subject to the approval of the ministry responsible for regional planning in Republika Srpska and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska;
- the property may be used for residential, educational and cultural purposes, in a manner that shall not compromise the integrity of the property and its meaning in the townscape.
The following measures are hereby prescribed with a view to the emergency protection of the National Monument:
- an examination and statics analysis of the structural parts of the building;
- the structural consolidation of the property and remedial works on the structural elements using traditional materials and the same techniques wherever possible;
- protecting the building from adverse external impacts.
On the plots adjoining the protected site, the reconstruction of existing buildings is permitted subject to the retention of their existing footprint and height. The infill of residential properties of no more than two storeys, with a maximum height of approx. 6.50 m to the roof cornice, may be permitted.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of Republika Srpska and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VI
The Government of Republika Srpska, the ministry of Republika Srpska responsible for regional planning, the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II – V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba).
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović and Ljiljana Ševo.
No. 06.2-2.3-77/11-28
7 September 2011
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Ljiljana Ševo
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
On 17 December 2003 the Commission received a proposal/petition from Senad Čikarić, acting as proxy for the owner of the property, Fatima Čikarić, to designate the Hadžibegova house in Zvornik as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Law, the provisions of the Law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Statement of Significance
The Hadžibegova house in Zvornik is one of the few surviving examples of early 19h century traditional residential architecture in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its value as a vernacular building lies both in the way it was built and in the use of natural materials, its orientation and location in its setting, and the layout of the rooms.
II – PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- details of the current condition and use of the property, including a description, architectural survey and photographs;
- an inspection of the current condition of the property;
- a copy of the cadastral plan;
- a copy of the Land Register entry;
- historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
Pursuant to Article V para. 2 of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 37 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, before rendering a final decision designating a property as a national monument, the Commission is required to provide the owner of the proposed monument, the person submitting the petition, the institutions responsible for heritage, professional and academic institutions, experts and scholars, as well as other interested parties, to express their views. Accordingly, the Commission sent a letter ref. 06.2-8/11-73 of 30 May 2011, requesting documentation and views on the designation of the Hadžibegova house in Zvornik as a national monument, was sent to Senad Čikarić, acting as proxy for the owner of the property, Fatima Čikarić, and to Zvornik Municipality, department responsible for urban planning and cadastral affairs, the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court, the Ministry of Regional Planning, Construction and the Environment of Republika Srpska, the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska, and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments under the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport
In response, the Commission has received the following documentation:
- letter ref. 06.2-36.1-7/11/97 of 26 August 2011 [sic – no further information given concerning this letter];
- copy of cadastral plan no. 13, scale, 1:10,000, issued by the RS Department of Geodetics and Proprietary Rights, Zvornik branch, on 15 August 2011;
- title deed no. 160/0 issued by the RS Department of Geodetics and Proprietary Rights, Zvornik branch, on 15 August 2011;
- letter ref. 083-0-Nar-Rz-11-001766 of 26 August 2011 from the Court of first instance in Zvornik supplying Land Register entries for c.p. 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. 8/28, 8/37 and 8/38 (old survey); Land Register entries 4401, 5599 and 4270, cadastral municipality Zvornik, Municipality Zvornik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the property are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The town of Zvornik is in north-east Bosnia, on the left bank of the Drina, which constitutes the border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the eastern slopes of Mt. Majevica, at an altitude of 146 m. Zvornik is well situated on the intersection of the roads to Sarajevo, Belgrade, Bijeljina and Tuzla, 74 km south of the confluence of the Drina and Sava, and 53 km from Srebrenica.
The residential architectural ensemble of the Hadžibegova house is at no. 216 Filipa Kljajića Street in the quarter known as Hrid, one of the oldest quarters of Zvornik, located on the hillside below the Fort. Nearby are other detached houses with two storeys and an attic.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. 8/28, 8/37 and 8/38 (old survey), Land Register entry nos. 4401, 5599 and 4270, cadastral municipality Zvornik, Municipality Zvornik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical background
The earliest reference to Zvornik is in a document from Dubrovnik dating from 1412, under the name Zvonik(1). It first features under its present-day name of Zvornik in 1519(2).
During the time of the mediaeval Bosnian state, Zvornik’s location gave it considerable strategic, communications and economic importance. At the time of the Serbian despots (1422-1459) its importance dwindled, and from 1433 until the fall of the Despotate in 1459, Zvornik was part of Serbia.
It is not known exactly when the Zvornik Fort was built, but it probably dates from the late 13th or early 14th century. It stands on the mountain massif of Mlađevac, on an almost inaccessible site, where the Drina emerges from the gorge into the fertile plains where a civilian settlement took shape. Consisting of an Upper, Middle and Lower Fort, it was greatly enlarged and remodelled during both the Ottoman and the Austro-Hungarian period. Since Zvornik was on the frontier with Serbia, the fort, with its natural defences and proximity to major roads, retained its defensive character until 1918.
The town initially known as Podzvonik (present-day Zvornik) took shape in the early 14th century outside the ramparts and to the north of the fort. Its greatest prosperity was during the Middle Ages, in the first half of the 15th century (the pre-Ottoman period). With increasing prosperity, it developed into an urban settlement with about 2000 inhabitants, making it a medium-sized town in the Europe of the day. Along with Fojnica and Visoko, Zvornik was one of mediaeval Bosnia’s trading centres, where the largest colonies of Dubrovnik merchants were based. The proximity of Srebrenica, the mining centre of mediaeval Bosnia, was what drew the merchants of Dubrovnik to Zvornik, particularly those who dealt in silver, and who remained there until 1432.
Dubrovnik sources dating from 1423 refer to the Franciscan monastery and church of St Mary, built in the first half of the 15th century and abandoned by the Franciscans in about 1538(3).
The Zvornik, Srebrenica and Usora area came under Ottoman rule in 1460. The Ottomans established three administrative military entities, known as sanjaks, in mediaeval Bosnia: the Bosnian sanjak in 1463, the Herzegovina sanjak in 1470 and the Zvornik sanjak in 1480; the latter was abolished in 1851. The first known sanjak-bey of Zvornik was Balik-bey. The Zvornik captaincy was established in the mid 16th century; the forts of both Zvornik and Kušlat were under its jurisdiction. All Zvornik’s captains were from the Fidahić family.
The Mehmed II el Fatih mosque was built between 1460 and 1480 in the upper fort, and a residential quarter known as the mahala of Sultan Mehmed-han’s mosque took shape around it. The mahala had its own shops selling groceries and provisions, a food store, and a well. A mosque was built by the Carska (Emperor’s) Gate in the lower fort.
Zvornik experienced another period of economic growth during the Austro-Hungarian period (1878-1918), becoming a county town with flourishing crafts and trade.
Hrid is one of the oldest mahalas in Zvornik, and one of the first to take shape outside the walls of the fort, in the first half of the 16th century, on a narrow strip of ground between the Drina to the east and the steep rocky slopes (hridina, hence Hrid as the name of the mahala) to the west. It occupies the area between the lower fort and Zvornik town centre, and consisted in 1955 of 37 houses with flower-decked courtyards and productive fruit and vegetable gardens. During the Ottoman period, there was a dock for boats navigating the River Drina; the Hrid watermill, which remained in use until 1950, was also on the Drina, above Hukovi, and above that was the Zelenac bathing site.
The Hajji Durgutova Mosque, one of the oldest outside the fort, was built in Hrid mahala. A wooden structure, it was demolished in 1948.
Hrid was the seat of the captains of Zvornik from the mid 16th century.
It is not known exactly when the Hadžibegova house was built. Details from the Institute for the Protection and use of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Tuzla Canton suggest that it was built in the mid 18th century. Typologically, however, as a house with a jutty, it is more likely to have been built in the early 19th century. It is an example of vernacular architecture both in the way it was built and in its use of natural materials.
2. Description of the property
The residential architectural ensemble of the Hadžibegova house (Lubović Hasanbey’s house) in Zvornik consists of the house, courtyard, courtyard wall and orchard. It is located in Hrid, one of the oldest settlements in Zvornik, on the hillside below the fort.
The entrance to the ensemble is via a driveway branching off from the main road (Svetog Save St.) parallel with the River Drina. The house was built on a steep slope, necessitating the construction of a stone retaining wall about 1.5 m in height and 15 m in length, facing the approach road. To the south of and level with the house is a courtyard, now used as a kitchen garden.
The Hadžibegova house is a detached two-storey house(4). Three such were listed in May 1991 by the Institute for the Protection and Use of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Tuzla, one of which was the house of Ljubović Hasanbey (the Hadžibegova house). Houses of this type, which are usually found in towns, typically have many windows on the first floor, which is of jutty construction, and fewer windows on the ground floor.
The building lies with its long axis north-south, with the entrance at the south end. To the north and south are two garden plots, while to the west is an orchard, on the slope. Further west the slope is tree-clad, below the fort at the top of the hill.
The house is rectangular in plan, measuring approx. 10.25 x 8.25 m on the outside at ground-floor level, and approx. 10.25 x 8.90 m at first-floor level. The jutty, which is about 65 cm wide and extends along the whole of the east façade, is clad on the outside with wooden slats.
The ground floor has four rooms, two sharing a hearth and the other two used as storerooms. A wooden staircase led up to the first floor, which also has four rooms, all used as living quarters only. The east-facing rooms contain washrooms (hammams).
The foundations and ground-floor walls are of rubble stone, and are about 66 to 91 cm thick. The first-floor walls, which are about 18 cm thick, are half-timbered, with an infill of wattle. The ceiling joists are wooden. The ceilings are about 3 m high on the ground floor and 2.5 m high on the first floor. The building had a hipped roof with timber trusses, clad with flat tiles.
The east façade has seven two-light windows about 110 cm wide on the first floor and four smaller windows about 61 cm wide on the ground floor; these latter are fitted with iron grilles.
To the west of the house is a plum orchard and a belvedere offering a wide view of the River Drina and the surroundings. West of the orchard is a steep slope overgrown with trees and surmounted by Zvornik Fort. The forest road leading to the Fort is extremely difficult to negotiate.
3. Legal status to date
In a 1991 report entitled Kulturno-istorijsko i prirodno naslijeđe opštine Zvornik (Cultural and natural heritage of Zvornik Municipality), the Institute for the Protection and Use of the Cultural and Natural Heritage in Tuzla provided a draft record for the registration of properties assumed to constitute cultural and natural heritage. The Ljubović Hasanbey house at no. 214 [sic] Filipa Kljajića Street in Zvornik is of townscape value, and was listed as a Category III property.
4. Research and conservation-restoration works
The record for the Ljubović Hasanbey house provided in the 1991 report by the Institute for the Protection and Use of the Cultural and Natural Heritage in Tuzla states that the building was in poor condition (dilapidated woodwork and roof cladding, restoration of the façade and interior [sic]), and proposes that the building be subject to statutory protection.
5. Current condition of the property
The Hadžibegova house in Zvornik is in near-ruins. The roof fell in completely a few months ago. The west walls are missing at first-floor level, as are the ceiling joists. The ground-floor walls are relatively well preserved. The east façade is the soundest, structurally speaking. There are many cracks in the walls, which are probably structural and could jeopardize the stability of the walls and of the building as a whole. The windows and doors are missing, and the floors are in derelict condition.
6. Specific risks
Unless emergency protection measures are taken (covering the walls with protective sheeting to protect them from the elements), the building is likely to fall into complete ruin.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C.i. quality of workmanship
C.ii. quality of materials
C.iii. proportions
C.iv. composition
C.vi. value of construction
D. Clarity
D.iv. evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner
E. Symbolic value
E.iii. traditional value
F. Townscape value
F.i. relation to other elements of the site
F.ii. meaning in the townscape
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
G. Authenticity
G.ii. material and content
G.iii. use and function
G.iv. traditions and techniques
G.v. location and setting
G.vi. spirit and feeling
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Ownership documentation
- Copy of title deed no. 160/0, issued by the Department of Geodetics and Proprietary Rights, Zvornik Branch, on 15 August 2011
- Copy of cadastral plan no. 13, scale 1:10,000, issued by the Department of Geodetics and Proprietary Rights, Zvornik Branch, on 15 August 2011
- Land Register entry for plots no. c.p. 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 (new survey), corresponding to plots c.p. 8/28, 8/37 and 8/38 (old survey), Land Register entry nos. 4401, 5599 and 4270, cadastral municipality Zvornik, Municipality Zvornik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Photodocumentation
- Photographs of the Hadžibegova house in Zvornik taken in May and August 2011 by a member of staff of the Commission
- Technical documentation
- technical drawings of the Hadžibegova house in Zvornik in its present condition (ground floor plan, first floor plan, longitudinal and cross section, four elevations, scale 1:50) by Milka Grujić BSc.Arch, trainee at the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the historic monument of the Hadžibegova house in Zvornik as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1952. Kreševljaković, Hamdija, Prilozi povijesti bosanskih gradova pod turskom upravom. Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom (Contributions to the History of Bosnian Towns under Turkish Administration, Contributions for Oriental Philology and the History of the South Slavs under Turkish Governance), II/1951, Institute for Oriental Studies in Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 1952, 119-184
1953. Kreševljaković, Hamdija. „Stari bosanski gradovi“ (Old Bosnian forts and towns), Naše starine I. Sarajevo: 1953, 7-45.
1955. Dinić, Mihailo. Za istoriju rudarstva u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji i Bosni (For the history of mining in mediaeval Serbia and Bosnia) Part I. Belgrade: 1955.
1955. Mazalić, Đoko. “Zvornik (Zvonik) stari grad na Drini” (Zvornik [Zvonik] fort on the Drina), Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine X. Sarajevo: 1955, 73-116.
1956. Mazalić, Đoko. “Zvornik (Zvonik) stari grad na Drini” (Zvornik [Zvonik] fort on the Drina), conclusion, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine XI. Sarajevo: 1956, 97-118.
1961. Kovačević-Kojić, Desanska. “Zvornik u srednjem vijeku” (Zvornik in the middle ages), Godišnjak Društva istoričara BiH XVI. Sarajevo: 1961, 19-35.
1970. Handžić, Adem. “Zvornik u drugoj polovini XV i XVI vijeka” (Zvornik in the latter half of the 15th and the 16th century), Godišnjak Društva istoričara BiH XVIII. Sarajevo: 1970, 141-196.
1978. Kovačević-Kojić, Desanka. Gradska naselja srednjovjekovne bosanske države (Urban settlements of the mediaeval Bosnian state). Sarajevo: 1978.
1979. Çelebi, Evliya. Putopis (Travelogue), ed. Hazim Šabanović. Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, 1979.
1991. Kreševljaković, Hamdija. Kapetanije u Bosni i Hercegovini (Captaincies in BiH), Collected Works I. Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, 1991
(1) Kovačević, Kojić, Dr. Desanka, Naselja srednjovjekovne bosnanske države, Sarajevo: 1978, 348.
(2) Vego, Marko, Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države, Sarajevo: 1957, 142.
(3) Handžić, Adem, “Zvornik u drugoj polovini XV i XVI vijeka,” Godišnjak Društva istoričara BiH XVIII, Sarajevo: 1970, 141-196.
(4) Institute for the Protection and Use of the Cultural and Natural Heritage in Tuzla, May 1991, Report, Kulturno-istorijsko i prirodno naslijeđe opštine Zvornik, 151.
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