Status of monument -> National monument
Published in the Official Gazette of BiH, no. 53/11.
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held on 11 March 2011 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The historic site of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Kapova selišta (Borija) in Ledići, Municipality Trnovo, is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument consists of the necropolis with 117 stećak tombstones.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no 842, title deed no 137, Land Register entry no 137, c.p. no. 843, title deed no. 30, Land Register entry no 30, and c.p. no. 844, title deed no. 33, Land Register entry no. 33, cadastral municipality Ledići, Municipality Trnovo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the site defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby prescribed:
- all works are prohibited other than investigative and conservation-restoration works, routine maintenance works, and works designed to present the monument, with the approval of the Federal ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority);
- the site of the monument shall be open and accessible to the public, and may be used for educational and cultural purposes;
- infrastructure works are permitted subject to the approval of the relevant ministry and the expert opinion of the heritage protection authority;
- new burials may be performed only in the new cemetery provided that the graves are at least 3 metres from the stećak tombstones;
- the necropolis may be refurbished, self-sown vegetation removed and lichen and moss removed from the stećak tombstones, and repair works carried out only after a repair, restoration and conservation plan has been drawn up and with the approval of the relevant ministry and under the supervision of the heritage protection authority;
- the area is a potential archaeological site, and investigative works must therefore be carried out in the presence of an archaeologist;
- the dumping of waste is prohibited.
The Government of the Federation shall be responsible in particular for ensuring that the following measures are carried out:
- conducting a geodetic survey of the site;
- drawing up a plan for the repair, restoration, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Government of the Federation shall be responsible for implementing urgent protection measures to prevent any further soil erosion that could lead to any of the stećak tombstones shifting or sliding out of place, with the approval of the relevant ministry and the expert opinion of the heritage protection authority. The programme of urgent protection measures shall consist of:
- a preliminary survey of the site to identify the type and degree of risk and the damage to the monuments;
- archaeological investigations subject to first drawing up a programme of works;
- repairing the damage to the monuments and replacing the stećak tombstones that have slid out of place to their original positions;
- suspending the road-widening works that have already begun;
- making good the footpath to retain the original state of the site.
IV
All movable artefacts found during the course of the archaeological survey shall be deposited in the nearest museum able to provide the necessary personnel, material and technical conditions or in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, processed, and suitably presented.
All movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the archaeological investigations shall be professionally analyzed.
Upon completion of the archaeological works the archaeologist in charge of the investigations shall submit a report to the Commission and to the institution that conducted the investigations.
The archaeologist leading the investigations must have access to all the movable and immovable archaeological material found during the course of the investigations and until his/her report is completed, for a period not exceeding three years.
All immovable finds shall be conserved in situ as the archaeological investigations proceed, and the movable archaeological material shall be conserved and placed for safe keeping in a suitable storage facility.
Upon receipt of a report on the investigations conducted, the Commission shall identify which movable artefacts shall be subject to protection measures to be determined by the Commission.
The removal of the movable artefacts referred to in para. 1 above from Bosnia and Herzegovina is prohibited.
By way of exception to the provisions of paragraph 7 of this Clause, if the leader of the investigations determines that a given archaeological artefact must be processed abroad, and provides evidence to that effect to the Commission, the Commission may permit the temporary removal of the artefact from the country subject to detailed conditions for its export, treatment while out of the country and return to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
V
All executive and area development planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.
VI
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VII
The Government of the Federation, the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning, the heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to VI of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VIII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba).
IX
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović and Ljiljana Ševo.
No: 05.2-2.3-77/11-3
11 March 2011
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Amra Hadžimuhamedović
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
On 5 February 2009, Hamzalija Trako of Sarajevo submitted a proposal to designate the necropolis of stećak tombstones at two sites (by the road to the village of Dujmoviće and on Zlatarić hill) in the village of Ledići, Trnovo Municipality, as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Statement of Significance
The tombstones at Borija (Kapova selišta) are both recumbent (chest-shaped and gabled or sarcophagus-like) and upright (cruciform) monoliths, and lie north-south, in some cases with a slight deviation, and west-east.
A number of graves at the edge of the necropolis, set slightly apart, are of better workmanship, larger size and more elaborate decoration, suggesting some social stratification within the community. The cruciform tombstones are also situated at the ends of the necropolis.
The artistry of the tombstones is evident in both their form and their decoration. They are of considerable aesthetic value and relatively large size, and are decorated in high relief and reverse relief. Seventeen of the 117 tombstones are decorated: 13 chest-shaped, one gabled and three cruciform. The motifs represented are standard and stylized crosses, stylized plant motifs, swords, sabres, maces, a bow and arrow, a crescent moon, incised line and plain bands
Unique to this necropolis is a motif of three human heads on the flat top of chest no. 10.
The quarry where the tombstones were cut is in Osredci, near the houses, where Šefik Bešlagić recorded a worked chest-shaped tombstone with plinth in 1965.
II – PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and the current owner and user of the property (copy of cadastral plan and Land Register entry).
- Details of the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
- Pursuant to Article 12 of the Law on the Implementation of Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the following procedures were carried out as part of the process of designating the cultural property as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
- Letter ref. 02-35-23/09-124 of 07. 08. 2009 requesting documentation and views on the designation of the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Kapova selišta (Borija), Trnovo Municipality, was sent to Trnovo Municipality (Mayor), department responsible for urbanism and cadastre, the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport;
- Letter ref 02-36-9/09 of 19.08.2009 requesting a copy of the Land Register entry was sent to the Municipal Court in Sarajevo;
- Letters ref. 05.2-36.1-1/10-121 and 05.2-36.1-1/10-206 of 17.12.2010 requesting Land Register entry and cadastral details for c.p. 842, c.m. Ledići, Trnovo.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
Ledići is at the northern foot of Mt Treskavica, 8 miles as the crow flies west of Trnovo. Two sites with stećci (pl. of stećak) have been recorded near the village: Kapova selišta (Borija) and Zlatarić. The necropolis with stećci at Kapova selišta (Borija) is at an altitude of 933 m, at 43°40'7.99"N and 18°20'35.93"E(1).
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no 842, title deed no 137, Land Register entry no 137, c.p. no. 843, title deed no. 30, Land Register entry no 30, and c.p. no. 844, title deed no. 33, Land Register entry no. 33, cadastral municipality Ledići, Municipality Trnovo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Plot no c.p. 843 is co-owned by Miovčić (Radoslav) Dragan and Miovčić (Radoslav) Mlađen, c.p. 843 is the property of the Ledići local ward, and c.p. 844 is the property of Trnovo Municipality.
Historical background
The župa (county) of Vrhbosna took shape in the Sarajevo and Visoko plains in mediaeval times, covering the region of the upper Bosna River and its tributaries the Miljacka, Željeznica and Zujevina(2), and bounded to the east by Mt Romanija, to the south-east by Mt Jahorina, to the south by Mt Treskavica and Mt Bjelašnica, to the west by Mt Igman and the Kobiljača pass, and to the north by the river and župa of Vogošća. Feudal holdings began to take shape as the early feudal counties broke up when they “no longer suited the late feudal concept of authority.” The county of Vrhbosna was not spared, and by the latter half of the 14th century it was split up into a number of smaller districts(3).
The county of Mokro-Glasinac, with which the Glasinac plain from the old Olovo county was merged, took shape in the Mokranjska-Miljacka valley, while the county of Pale was formed in the Pale Miljacka valley. These counties fell within the lands of the Pavlović family, as did neighbouring Prača.
Another part of the great county of Vrhbosna – the Zujevina valley (present-day Hadžići) – remained within the lands under the direct rule of the king of Bosnia, the contrata del re or Crown lands, while the area around the confluence of the Zujevina and the Bosna remained part of the county of Vrhbosna(4).
The upper River Željeznica valley, between Mts Treskavica and Bjelašnica on one side and Mt Jahorina on the other (the present-day Trnovo area), formed a separate territorial political entity, most of it marching with the lands of herceg Stjepan, into which it was finally absorbed in 1435/36(5).
The earliest reference to Mt Treskavica is in August 1373, in documents from the Dubrovnik archives relating to the transportation of 100 loads of salt from Dubrovnik and referring to the kiridžija (drover), katunar (peasant), Vlach Brajan Pribojević(6).
The area’s many necropolises with stećci are an indication of settlement in the region in the Middle Ages, accompanying the villages of Trebečaj, Lediće, Šabance, Donja Presjenica, Šišiće, Delijaš and Gukavac(7).
The stylistic features of the motifs on the mediaeval stećci in this area point to a connection with the stećci of the area around Stolac and Bileća, associated with the migration of Vlach herders from those regions to the mountain regions south of Sarajevo.
The stećci from the Trnovo area date from the 14th and 15th centuries, with a few probably as late as the early years of the 16th century.
2. Description of the property
The stećci at Borija (Kapova selišta) are of two kinds, recumbent and upright monoliths. Recumbent monoliths in turn are of two kinds, chest-shaped and gabled (sarcophagus-shaped); the upright monoliths are cruciform. The number of stećci in a necropolis are an important indicator of social movements in mediaeval Bosnia in the 14th and 15th centuries: most necropolises have fewer than ten, and those with three hundred or more, belonging to sizeable communities, are the exception; as a result, small necropolises may generally be regarded as family burial grounds, indicating that the process of disintegration of the old clan-based society and the formation of small family units with their own burial grounds as a marker of their “new” identity was already well under way(9).
Both the number of tombstones and the nature of its decorative motifs indicate that the necropolis with stećci at Borija (Kapova selišta) belonged to the wider community. Only at the edge of the necropolis are there a few graves standing apart, distinguished by their finer workmanship, their size and their elaborate decoration. The cruciform tombstones are also located at the end of the necropolis, and are therefore regarded as dating from the end of the stećak period. As elsewhere in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a later Christian or Muslim burial ground is associated with the necropolises; here, the crosses marking later burials mingle with the stećci.
The northern part of the necropolis contains an Orthodox burial ground for the inhabitants of Ledići, evidence of continued occupation of the village.
The artistry of the tombstones is evident in both their form and their decoration. They are of considerable aesthetic value and relatively large size, and are decorated in high relief and reverse relief. Seventeen of the 117(10) tombstones are decorated: 13 chest-shaped, one gabled and three cruciform(11). The motifs represented are standard and stylized crosses, stylized plant motifs, swords, sabres, maces, a bow and arrow, a crescent moon, incised line and plain bands. Unique to this necropolis is a motif of three human heads on the flat top of chest no. 10.
The stećci are in rows, lying north-south, a few with a slight deviation, and west-east. A few, located around the road cutting, have slid out of place. Stećci nos. 1 to 87 are on c.p. no. 842, with the exception of stećak no. 86 which is on c.p. no. 844. Stećci nos 88 to 116 are on c.p no. 843 within the fence surround the Orthodox cemetery still in use, and stećak no. 117 is just by the fence in the western part of the burial ground.
The quarry where the tombstones were cut is in Osredci, near the houses at the western end of the village of Ledići, where Šefik Bešlagić recorded a worked chest-shaped tombstone with plinth in 1965(12).
Condition of the tombstones
Stećak no. 1. – cruciform, decorated and standing apart at the southern end of the necropolis, covered with moss and lichen; measuring 127 cm long x 63 cm wide x 41 cm deep.
The east face is decorated with a crescent moon, horns pointing upward, below which are a bow and arrow. The north side is decorated with a sword and mace. The decorations are in high relief.
Stećak no. 2. – chest, sunken and decorated, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 188x118x12 cm.
The top of the tombstone is marked with an incised line running lengthwise, indicating that it marks a double grave.
Stećak no. 3. – chest, almost completely sunken, with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 145 cm long x 90 cm wide.
Stećak no. 4. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 200x90x16 cm.
Stećak no. 5. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 177x74x50 cm.
Stećak no. 6. – gabled, sunken to roof height, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 154x102x24 cm.
Stećak no. 7. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 188x94x56 cm.
Stećak no. 8. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 212x105x20 cm.
Stećak no. 9. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 220x127x60 cm.
Stećak no. 10. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 204x133x23 cm.
Stećak no. 11. – gabled, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 176x74x95 cm.
Stećak no. 12. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; measuring 176x70x42 cm.
Stećak no. 13. – gabled, sunken to roof height, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; measuring 174x76x30 cm.
Stećak no. 14. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 176x70x42 cm.
The top of the tombstone is marked with an incised line running lengthwise down the middle, indicating that it marks a double grave.
Stećak no. 15. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 168x73x24 cm.
Stećak no. 16. – chest, sunken and tilted towards the east, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 177x76x48 cm.
Stećak no. 17. – sunken, leaving only 66 cm in length of the stećak visible, lying north-south.
Stećak no. 18. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 268x73x24 cm.
Stećak no. 19. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying west-east; measuring 184x88x45 cm.
Stećak no. 20. – chest, decorated, almost completely buried with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, cracked, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 175 cm long x 185 cm wide.
The top is decorated with an incised line along the ends and sides to form a frame.
Stećak no. 21. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 200x100x30 cm.
Stećak no. 22. – chest, partly sunken, tilted towards the south-east, covered with lichen, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 175x75x34 cm.
Stećak no. 23. – chest, almost completely buried with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, covered with moss and lichen, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 177 cm long x 127 cm wide.
Stećak no. 24. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 198x82x28 cm.
Stećak no. 25. – chest, almost completely buried with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, covered with moss and lichen, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 145 cm long x 76 cm wide.
Stećak no. 26. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 116x52x20 cm.
Stećak no. 27. – chest, almost completely buried with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, covered with moss and lichen, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 180x100x13 cm.
Stećak no. 28. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 190x83x46 cm.
Stećak no. 29. – chest with plinth, north-west side sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying northeast-southwest; measuring 178x125x60 cm.
Stećak no. 30. – chest, almost completely buried with only the rectangular top visible at ground level, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 188x118x12 cm.
Stećak no. 31. – chest, tilted towards the east, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 214x115x51 cm.
Stećak no. 32. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 222x109x55 cm.
Stećak no. 33. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 177x77x34 cm.
Stećak no. 34. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 187x87x33 cm.
Stećak no. 35. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; a tree has grown up between this and the next (no. 36), undermining the stability and position of both tombstones; measuring 205x98x26 cm.
Stećak no. 36. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 216x105x28 cm.
Stećak no. 37. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 208x78x13 cm.
The rectangular top surface is decorated with a cross in high relief.
Stećak no. 38. – chest, partly sunken and tilted towards the east, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 218x137x63 cm.
Stećak no. 39. – chest, partly sunken and covered with earth on the east side, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 185x98x35 cm.
Stećak no. 40. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 178x88x20 cm.
Stećak no. 41. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 177x86x28 cm.
The rectangular top surface is decorated with a cross in high relief.
Stećak no. 42. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 187x115x40 cm.
Stećak no. 43. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 204x83x30 cm.
Stećak no. 44. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 180x104x57 cm.
Stećak no. 45. – gabled, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 174x75x43 cm.
Stećak no. 46. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 240x150x40 cm.
The top of the tombstone is marked with an incised line running lengthwise down the middle, indicating that it marks a double grave. To left and right of the incised line at the south end is a small cross with arms ending in a semicircle. The decorations are in reverse relief.
Stećak no. 47. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 180x120x40 cm.
Stećak no. 48. – gabled, sunken to roof height, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 155x60x23 cm.
Stećak no. 49. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, with an irregularly-shaped hollow on the rectangular top surface, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 154x105x16 cm.
Stećak no. 50. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 185x104x58 cm.
Stećak no. 51. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying west-east; measuring 192x72x39 cm.
Stećak no. 52. – gabled, sunken to roof height, covered with lichen, lying west-east; measuring 189x70x40 cm.
Stećak no. 53. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 177x110x20 cm.
Stećak no. 54. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 182x93x48 cm.
Stećak no. 55. – chest, sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 128x75x15 cm.
Stećak no. 56. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 190x108x62 cm.
Stećak no. 57. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, cut with the north end angled and the south end terminating in a ridge, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 162x67x42 cm.
All the exposed sides are decorated. The rectangular top is decorated with a cross in high relief with a line incised along the middle of the arms, framed with two plain rectangular lines. Below the cross is a rosette; two symmetrical arcuate extensions occupy the gable. The north, trimmed end bears a rectangular frame within which are two rectangles. Below the flat surface of the north end is a stylized plant with a pair of thick, curved leaves and another two pairs of smaller carved leaves. The angled surface of the south end bears a rectangular frame within which is a stylized cross on a stand, with two symmetrical arcuate extensions springing from the upright in two places. The west side has two rectangular frames within which are plants each with two leaves curving slightly downwards and outwards(13). The east side is also decorated, but stećak no. 56 is so close that the decoration cannot be described; it is probably the same as the decoration on the west side.
Stećak no. 58. – chest, partly sunken, with cracks on the rectangular top, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 164x73x39 cm.
Stećak no. 59. – gabled, decorated, partly sunken, south end damaged, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 189x77x76 cm.
The sides are decorated with a wide band carved in high relief.
Stećak no. 60. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, south end terminating in a ridge, lying north-south; measuring 162x74x20 cm.
Stećak no. 61. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, north end terminating in a ridge, lying north-south; measuring 187x96x25 cm.
Stećak no. 62. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 154x102x24 cm.
The rectangular top bears a stylized cross with the cross arms ending in circles and the uprights in circular garlands with a break at one point. The decoration is in high relief.
Stećak no. 63. – chest, completely buried with only the edge of one side visible, lying north-south; measuring 70 cm (visible length).
Stećak no. 64. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 193x98x63 cm.
Stećak no. 65. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 182x90x31 cm.
Stećak no. 66. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 182x91x35 cm.
Stećak no. 67. – chest, partly sunken and tilted towards the west, part damaged, covered with moss, lying north-south; measuring 176x80x55 cm.
Stećak no. 68. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 170x93x53 cm.
Stećak no. 69. – chest, partly sunken, west side damaged, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 175x78x42 cm.
Stećak no. 70. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 179x65x39 cm.
Stećak no. 71. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 170x103x23 cm.
Stećak no. 72. – chest, broken in two, sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying west-east; measuring 169x80x27 cm.
Stećak no. 73. – chest, tilted towards the south-west, covered with lichen, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 190x124x65 cm.
Stećak no. 74. – chest, tilted towards the south-west, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 183x110x46 cm.
Stećak no. 75. – chest, tilted towards the south-west, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 180x58x72 cm.
Stećak no. 76. – gabled, displaced and overturned onto its south side, covered with lichen, lying west-east; measuring 180x90x115 cm.
Stećak no. 77. – chest, displaced, decorated, tilted towards the south side, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying west-east; measuring 190x110x64 cm.
The top of the tombstone is marked with an incised line running lengthwise down the middle, indicating that it marks a double grave.
Stećak no. 78. – gabled, displaced, overturned onto its north-west side and sunken, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying south-west/north-east; measuring 173 cm long x 34 cm high.
Stećak no. 79. – chest, broken in two, one half covered with moss and lichen and the other completely buried; the visible part of the stećak lying north-south; measuring 100x64x55 cm.
Stećak no. 80. – chest, displaced, partly sunken, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying north-south; measuring 153x80x45 cm.
Stećak no. 81. – chest, displaced, partly sunken, covered with moss, lichen and low-growing plants, lying north-south; measuring 174x110x40 cm.
Stećak no. 82. – chest, displaced, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 163x78x57 cm.
Stećak no. 83. – chest, displaced, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 167x68x50 cm.
Stećak no. 84. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, moss and vegetation, lying west-east; measuring 218x125x40 cm.
Stećak no. 85. – gabled with plinth, displaced and overturned onto its south side, sunken on the north-west side, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; measuring 120x70x90 cm; plinth measuring 185x90x30 cm.
Stećak no. 86. – gabled with plinth, large in size, overturned onto its north-west side, covered with moss and lichen, lying south-west/north-east; measuring 217x105x136 cm; plinth measuring 320x196,5x65 cm.
Stećak no. 87. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying west-east; measuring 162x67x20 cm.
Stećak no. 88. – cruciform, decorated, covered with moss and lichen, tilted towards the west; measuring 178 cm long x 70 cm wide x 30 cm thick.
At the top of the upright and the ends of the cross arms are “apple” (hemisphere) motifs; below the cross arms on the south face are a sabre and a mace. The decorations are in high relief.
Stećak no. 89. – cruciform, decorated, covered with moss and lichen; measuring 102 cm long x 86 cm wide x 30 cm thick.
The east end is decorated with a crescent moon below which are a bow and arrow. The south side is decorated with a sword and mace. The decorations are in high relief.
Stećak no. 90. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying northwest-southeast; measuring 157x76x35 cm.
Stećak no. 91. – gabled, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 214x74x90 cm.
Stećak no. 92. – gabled, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 165x65x90 cm.
Stećak no. 93. – chest, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 170x80x32 cm.
Stećak no. 94. – chest, partly sunken and tilted towards the east, covered with lichen, the north end finished as a triangle, lying north-south; measuring 198x85x35 cm.
Stećak no. 95. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 180x72x29 cm.
Stećak no. 96. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 170x98x26 cm.
Stećak no. 97. – chest, sunken, lying north-south; visible measurements 73 cm long x 45 cm wide.
Stećak no. 98. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, south end damaged, this tombstone also has a triangular south end, though now damaged, lying north-south; measuring 174x80x50 cm.
Stećak no. 99. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, east side covered with soil, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 170x100x30 cm.
The rectangular top is decorated with a cross of which the arms terminate in circular garlands. The decoration is in high relief.
Stećak no. 100. – chest, partly sunken, tilted towards the west, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 190x127x30 cm.
Stećak no. 101. – chest, partly sunken, east side covered with soil, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 214x108x20 cm.
Stećak no. 102. – chest, partly sunken, tilted towards the west, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 162x88x50 cm.
Stećak no. 103. – chest, east side covered with soil, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 228x178x50 cm.
Stećak no. 104. – chest, east side of the top edge leaning against stećak no. 103, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 180x128x60 cm.
Stećak no. 105. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; visible measurements 196 cm long x 63 cm wide x 16 cm high.
The south end of the rectangular top surface is decorated with three human heads in high relief.
Stećak no. 106. – chest, partly sunken and broken into two pieces, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 164x64x46 cm.
Stećak no. 107. – chest, partly sunken, tilted towards the west, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 190x127x18 cm.
Stećak no. 108. – chest, partly sunken, tilted towards the west, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 188x109x48 cm.
Stećak no. 109. – chest, partly sunken, covered with grass and ferns, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 170x72x21 cm.
Stećak no. 110. – chest, partly sunken, covered with grass and ferns, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 140x68x30 cm.
Stećak no. 111. – chest, sunken, covered with grass and ferns, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 160x65x12 cm.
Stećak no. 112. – chest, decorated, sunken over most of its length, damaged, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; visible measurements 70 cm long x 50 cm wide x 12 cm high.
The south end of the rectangular top is decorated with a cross of which the arms terminate in circles, in high relief.
Stećak no. 113. – chest, decorated, partly sunken, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 179x66x17 cm.
The south end of the rectangular top is decorated with a stylized cross of which the arms end in anchor shapes, in reverse relief.
Stećak no. 114. – chest, partly sunken, covered with grass, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 193x77x12 cm.
Stećak no. 115. – chest, sunken, covered with grass, covered with moss and lichen, lying north-south; measuring 159x67x16 cm.
Stećak no. 116. – chest, sunken over much of its length, damaged, covered with lichen and moss, lying north-south; measuring 110 cm (visible length) x 65 x 15 cm.
Stećak no. 117. – chest, partly sunken, covered with lichen, lying north-south; measuring 198x96x49 cm.
3. Legal status to date
The Regional Plan for BiH to 2000 lists 22 sites of necropolises with stećci (1520 stećci) in Trnovo Municipality as Category III monuments, without precise identification(14).
A letter from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport dated 25 August 2009 states that the property is listed under the heading: Kapova selišta, Borija, Ledići, Trnovo. Mediaeval necropolis, 116 surviving stećci, late mediaeval.
The property was not on the Register of Cultural Monuments of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
4. Research and conservation-restoration works
Investigative works, consisting of recording and assembling data on stećci, were carried out by Šefik Bešlagić(15).
No conservation-restoration works have been carried out.
5. Current condition of the property
The findings of an on-site inspection conducted on 15 January 2010 are as follows:
- the stećci are at risk of rapid deterioration through neglect,
- some of the stećci are chipped, damaged, overturned, or partly or wholly sunken or buried,
- the stećci are covered to a greater or lesser extent with plant organisms (lichen and moss),
- during the growing season the necropolis is overgrown with grass and brambles, to the further detriment of the stećci,
- the site is at risk of landslides on the east side of the slope,
- some of the stećci are within the fenced-off area of an Orthodox cemetery in current use.
6. Specific risks
- vandalism (overturning the stećak tombstones);
- natural disasters (landslides caused by heavy rain, tombstones sliding down the gully);
- deterioration as a result of long-term neglect;
- adverse effects of the elements;
- self-sown vegetation;
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C.i. quality of workmanship
C.ii quality of materials
C.iii. proportions
C.v. value of details
D. Clarity
D.i. material evidence of a lesser known historical era
E. Symbolic value
E.ii. religious value
E.iii. traditional value
E.v. significance for the identity of a group of people
G. Authenticity
G.i. form and design
G.ii. material and content
G.iii. use and function
G.iv. traditions and techniques
G.v. location and setting
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Ownership documentation
- Cadastral plan no. 6H14 Trnovo-53 (Dejčići – 19, Ledići – 3) scale=1:2500.
- Land Register entries no. 30 and 33 and copy of cadastral plan for c.p. 843 and 844, cm Ledići, Trnovo, scale 1:2500, issued on 12.08.2009 by the Department of Geodetics, Proprietary Rights, Cadastre and Inspectorate Supervision for Town Planning and Construction, Trnovo (letter ref. 02/3-30-2394/09).
- Letter from the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Sarajevo ref. 065-0-Su-09-003077 of 20. 08.2009 re Land Register entries for c.p. nos. 843, 844, 847, 849 and 863, c.m. Ledići.
- Letter from the Department of Geodetics, Proprietary Rights, Cadastre and Inspectorate Supervision for Town Planning and Construction, Trnovo Municipality, ref. 02/3-30-2458 of 02. 09. 2010. re cadastral details for c.p. no. 846, c.m. Ledići.
- Letter from the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Sarajevo ref.. 065-0-Rz-10-4068 of 06. 09. 2010. re Land Register entry for c.p no. 846, c.m. Ledići.
- Letter from the Department of Geodetics, Proprietary Rights, Cadastre and Inspectorate Supervision for Town Planning and Construction, Trnovo, ref. 02/3-30-3038 of 20. 12. 2010. re o cadastral details for c.p. 842, c.m. Ledići.
- Letter from the Land Registry office of the Municipal Court in Sarajevo ref. 065-0-Rz-10-5943 of 22. 12. 2010. re Land Register entry for c.p no. 842, c .m. Ledići.
- Documentation on previous protection of the property
- Letter from the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning ref.. 03-23-2-1203/09 of 10. 08. 2009 notifying the Commission to Preserve National Monuments that the Ministry has no details or documentation relating to the necropolis with stećak tombstones at Kapova selišta (Borija) in the village of Ledići, Municipality Trnovo.
- Letter from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport ref. 07-40-4-3178-1/09 of 25. 08. 2009 enclosing details of previous protection of the site in Ledići, Municipality Trnovo.
- Photodocumentation
- Photographs of the property taken on 11. 08. and 05. 11. 2009 by historian Zijad Halilović using Canon EOS 450D digital camera.
- Technical documentation
- Technical drawings of the property (plan of the necropolis, survey of the monuments) measured and surveyed on 05.11.2009 by historian Zijad Halilović and architect Arijana Pašić.
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the property as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1966. Anđelić, Pavao. “Doba srednjovjekovne bosanske države” u Kulturna istorija Bosne i Hercegovine od najstarijih vremena do početka turske vladavine (The age of the mediaeval Bosnian state, in Cultural history of Bosnia and Herzegovina from ancient times to the beginning of the Turkish period). Sarajevo: 1966, 455.-495.
1967. Bešlagić, Šefik. “Trnovo, Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici” (Trnovo, mediaeval tombstones), Naše starine, XI. Sarajevo: 1967, 101-135.
1971. Bešlagić, Šefik. Stećci, kataloško-topografski pregled (Stećci, a catalogue and topographical survey). Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, 1971, 179.
1980. Various authors. Regional Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, phase B – valorization of natural, cultural and historical assets. Sarajevo: Institute for Architecture and Town and Country Planning of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo and the Planning Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, 1980, 51.
1981. Vego, Marko. “Novi i revidirani srednjovjekovni natpisi iz Bosne” (New and revised mediaeval epitaphs and inscriptions from Bosnia), Naše starine, XIV. Sarajevo: 1981, 39.
1982. Anđelić, Pavao. “Osnovne značajke teritorijalnopolitičke organizacije u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni” u Studije o teritorijalnopolitičkoj organizaciji srednjovjekovne Bosne (Basic features of the territorial political organization in mediaeval Bosnia, in Studies on the territorial political organization of mediaeval Bosnia). Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1982, 9-25.
1985. Mušeta-Ašćerić, Vesna. “Srednjovjekovna župa Vrhbosna, Problem granica i vlasti” u Prilozi (The mediaeval county of Vrhbosna, the problem of boundaries and authority). Sarajevo: Institute for History, 1985, 257-268.
1997. Mušeta-Aščerić, Vesna. “Srednjovjekovna naselja na mjestu današnjeg Sarajeva,” u: Prilozima istoriji Sarajeva (Mediaeval settlements on the site of present-day Sarajevo, in Contributions to the history of Sarajevo: Papers from symposium “Half a millennium of Sarajevo” held from 19 to 21 March 1993). Sarajevo: Institute for History and Oriental Institute, 1997, 36.
www.google earth.com
(1) www.google earth.com
(2) Mušeta-Aščerić, Vesna, “Srednjovjekovna naselja na mjestu današnjeg Sarajeva,” u Prilozima istoriji Sarajeva, Sarajevo: Radovi sa naučnog simpozijuma «Pola milenija Sarajeva» održanog od 19. do 21 marta 1993. godine, Institut za istoriju i Orijentalni institut, 1997, 36.
(3) Anđelić, Pavao, “Osnovne značajke teritorijalnopolitičke organizacije u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni,” u Studije o teritorijalnopolitičkoj organizaciji srednjovjekovne Bosne, Sarajevo: "Svjetlost", 1982, 13.
(4) Mušeta-Aščerić, Vesna, Ibidem, Sarajevo: 1997, 36.-42.
(5) Mušeta-Ašćerić, Vesna, “Srednjovjekovna župa Vrhbosna, Problem granica i vlasti”, u Prilozi, Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu, 1985, 266.
(6) Vego, Marko, “Novi i revidirani srednjovjekovni natpisi iz Bosne,” Naše starine, XIV, Sarajevo: 1981, 39.
(7) Bešlagić, Šefik, “Trnovo, Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici,” Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 101.
(8) Bešlagić, Šefik, Ibidem, Naše starine, XI Sarajevo: 1967, 134, 135.
(9) Anđelić, Pavao, “Doba srednjovjekovne bosanske države” u Kulturna istorija Bosne i Hercegovine od najstarijih vremena do početka turske vladavine, Sarajevo: 1966, 455.-495.
(10) Š. Bešlagić refers to 116 stećci. (Bešlagić, Šefik, Ibidem, Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 103.).
(11) Š. Bešlagić refers to 13 decorated stećci: nine chest-shaped, one gabled and three cruciform. (Bešlagić, Šefik, Ibidem, Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 103, 104.).
(12) Bešlagić, Šefik, Ibidem, Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 107.
(13) Bešlagić, Šefik, Ibidem, Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 103.
(14) Various authors, Prostorni plan Bosne i Hercegovine, faza b – valorizacija, prirodne i kulturno-historijske vrijednosti, Sarajevo: Institut za arhitekturu, urbanizam i prostorno planiranje Arhitektonskog fakultet u Sarajevu i Urbanistički zavod za Bosnu i Hercegovinu Sarajevo, 1980, 51.
(15) Bešlagić, Šefik, Stećci, kataloško-topografski pregled, Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, 1971, 179; Bešlagić, Šefik, “Trnovo, Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici,” Naše starine, XI, Sarajevo: 1967, 101. – 135.
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