Status of monument -> National monument
Published in the Official Gazette of BiH, no. 36/09.
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 10 to 16 March 2009 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The historic building of Nurija Pozderac's house (the Pozderac family house) in Cazin is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 505/2 “Čajin potok” (old survey), cadastral municipality Cazin grad, corresponding to c.p. no. 1332 (new survey), Land Register entry no. 1153, Municipality Cazin, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for ensuring and providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the site defined in Clause 1 para. 2 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- all works are prohibited other than research and conservation and restoration works, repair works, and works designed to display the monument, with the approval of the Federal ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- during the restoration of the building, its original appearance shall be preserved;
- missing parts shall be reconstructed in their original form, of the same size, of the same or the same type of material and using the same building techniques wherever possible, on the basis of documentation on their original form;
- the courtyard and garden shall be laid out horticulturally;
- the property may be used for educational and cultural purposes in a manner that shall not be detrimental to the integrity of the property and its meaning in the townscape.
The following emergency protection measures are hereby stipulated to protect the property and ensure that the conditions are in place for its conservation and restoration:
- clearing the interior of the building;
- dismantling the surviving interior fittings and removing them for safekeeping until they are reinstalled;
- an examination and structural analysis of the structural elements of the building;
- the structural consolidation of the building and repairs to the structural elements using traditional materials and the same building techniques wherever possible;
- protecting the building from adverse outside influences.
On the adjoining plots, c.p. nos. 1331/1, 1334/1, 1656 and 1657/1 the construction of buildings with a maximum height of two storeys (ground + 1) and of 6.50 m to the base of the roof and a maximum footprint of 10 x 10 m, with a steep hipped roof clad with wooden shingles or plain beaver-tail tiles, shall be permitted.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are hereby revoked.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation and rehabilitation thereof.
VI
The Government of the Federation, the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning, the Federation heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba)
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX
On the date of adoption of this Decision, the National Monument shall be deleted from the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02, Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 79/02, Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH no. 59/02, and Official Gazette of Brčko District BiH no. 4/03), where it featured under serial no. 169.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Martin Cherry, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, and Ljiljana Ševo.
No: 07.2-2-40/09-22
11 March 2009
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Dubravko Lovrenović
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments adopted a decision to add the historic building of Nurija Pozderac's House, Municipality Cazin to the Provisional List of National Monuments under serial no. 169.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Statement of Significance
The Pozderac family house (the birthplace of Nurija Pozderac) belongs to the type of house with a first-floor jutty. It was built about 1820 by Ahmet-aga Pozderac, bey of Cazin, a leading opponent of the decisions of the Berlin Congress, and father of Nurija and Hakija Pozderac, prominent political figures in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and current owner and user of the property (copy of cadastral plan and copy of land registry entry);
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.;
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
Cazin is 26 km north of Bihać, on the Velika Kladuša road, and is the largest town on the left bank of the river Una. The town, and the fort above it, are tucked into the natural amphitheatre of the valley, surrounded by high hills. Cazin is the hub of the Krajina (military frontier) area on the left bank of the Una.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 505/2 “Čajin potok” (old survey), cadastral municipality Cazin grad, corresponding to c.p. no. 1332 (new survey), Land Register entry no. 1153, Municipality Cazin, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical information(1)
The area covered by Cazin Municipality has been inhabited since ancient times. Evidence of prehistoric habitation on the site of the old fort, which dominates the town, was discovered during archaeological excavations on the plateau between the inner and outer ramparts on the north-west side of the fort. Quantities of pottery sherds were found in mixed strata, despite which it was possible to identify pottery from four different periods: the Eneolithic, the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age, the La Tène period, and the late mediaeval and Ottoman period (Raunig, 2001, 117, 163).
There are quite frequent references to Cazin in historical sources from 1522, when the Ottomans conquered Knin and Cazin became the seat of the bishops of Knin. Cazin was held for a time by Petar Keglević, who in 1535 surrendered it on the king's orders to the new bishop of Knin, Canon Petar of Ripač. It was while the latter was holding court there, in 1539, that the Ottomans took the town.
A frontier garrison was based in Cazin from 1553. In July 1576 the Ottomans, led by Ferhad pasha Sokolović, finally took Cazin and Bužim. By 1577 an Ottoman garrison of 50 cavalrymen and 150 infantrymen was already based in Cazin (Lopašić, 1943, 132). The following year Ferhad pasha surrendered Cazin without resistance to General Ivan Ferenberg, only to retake it, this time for good, later that same year (Lopašić, 120-123, Kreševljaković, 1953, 32).
One source records that in 1584 the Ottomans embarked on a further reinforcement of the fort in Cazin, which was one of the most strongly fortified towns on the border between the two empires. One of the first commanders of Cazin was Edhem aga, who is recorded in a document of 1583 (Kreševljaković, 1953, 32). In or around 1570 the Kamengrad kadiluk [area under the jurisdiction of a qadi – Islamic judge and administrative officer] was established within the Bosnian sanjak, covering the nahijas [minor administrative districts] in the Sana river valley. The Ottoman authorities merged the conquered territories, towns and forts in the Una valley and beyond the river Una with this kadiluk until Bihać was taken in 1592, so that the town of Cazin also belonged to it (Šabanović, 1982, 175,181).
According to a treaty of 1625 on the borders between the Ottoman holdings in the Krajina and neighbouring Croatia, there were military garrisons in all the forts held by the Ottomans in the Krajina, including Cazin (Lopašić, 1943, 31).
In the 18th century, Cazin formed part of the Ostrožač captaincy, and did not have a dizdar [fortress commander] of its own. The Ostrožač captaincy covered part of the Kamengrad kadiluk, in the far north-western corner of the Bosnian eyalet. Šaban-aga and Osman-aga are recorded in 1769 among the garrison commanders. A revolt against captain Ibšir-bey Beširević began in the mid 18th century. Throughout this century the Bihać kadiluk was limited to the area around the town of Bihać, with all the other towns across the Una, north of the left bank, belonging to the Kamengrad kadiluk (Šabanović, 228, 230). In the early 19th century, Cazin belonged to the Ostrožač captaincy. When the fort was abandoned in 1851, an uprising against Omer pasha Latas broke out in Cazin. In the 19th century the town of Cazin belonged, within the Bosnian pashaluk, to the Bihać kajmakamluk (district) and to the mudirluk (county) of Cazin or Ostrožac (Šabanović, 1982, 233).
The birthplace of Nurija Pozderac, the Pozderac family house, was built in or around 1820 by Ahmet-aga Pozderac(2), bey of Cazin and a leading opponent of the decisions of the Berlin Congress, who was also the father of Nurija(3) and Hakija Pozderac. In its architecture, layout and use of materials, as well as the treatment of the various decorative elements, the house is almost identical to the Eminagić konak in Tešanj, further evidence that it was built in the first half of the 19th century.
During World War II the building came under attack by the occupying forces (Italian and Ustasha troops). Part of the pre-war fittings (the sećije or built-in settees) has survived, with visible damage from bullets or shrapnel.
The house remained in the hands of the Pozderac family until 2 December 1985, when it was sold to the Cultural Community of Cazin Municipality.
Repair works were carried out on the building in 1990, 1998 and 1999.(4)
2. Description of the property
The Pozderac family house (the birthplace of Nurija Pozderac) belongs to the type of house with a first-floor jutty, in the typology defined by M. Kadić.
This type of house is widespread in the area from Cazin, Bosanski Petrovac, Kulen-Vakuf, Bihać, Ključ, Banja Luka, Tešanj, Livno to Travnik and as far as Sarajevo, albeit varying from place to place. In the Bosnian Krajina it is typically a fortified house(5), whereas in Sarajevo and elsewhere in central and eastern Bosnia it is built with more regard for comfort and less for defence. This type of house represents a high degree of development in the layout and spatial conception of the house, and its appearance depends on high socio-economic standards and an advanced way of life.
In terms of ground plan, the house is a complex combination of very pure forms. Like other houses of this type, the first floor is of lightweight materials and the basement and ground floor, which are in direct contact with the ground, are of rubble stone with lime mortar as binder. The high first-floor jutty, which projects outwards by about 50 cm, is used as living quarters.(6)
The house was built on a steep slope, with the difference in level between the ground floor and basement of about 2.70 m, as a result of which the basement extends only below the north-western part of the building.
Basement
Initially, the basement was used in houses of this type only to pen small livestock. Later, in the more advanced plains regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it began to be used for storage purposes.
The basement measures 10.71 x 3.85 x 10.54 x 3.65 m. The walls, which are about 90 cm thick, are of rubble stone in lime mortar. The round-arched entrance doorway, 1.17 m in width, is to the south-west. The basement is in two parts, separated by a stone wall about a metre long and 88 cm wide, supporting the chimney of the storeys above. The basement ceiling is about 2.80 m high. About midway along the transverse span is a bearing beam 30 x 30 cm in section, lying north-east/south-west and set into the north-east and south-west walls, with the secondary floor joists laid over it. The beam is further supported about a third of the way along its length by two wooden uprights. Light enters the basement through two windows in the north-west wall, which are 88 cm wide on the inside and 51 cm on the outside. The floor is of beaten earth. A feature of this building is the 20 cm deep string course between the basement and ground floor.
Ground floor
The ground floor measures 12.20 x 9.50 m, and contains eight rooms in all:
1. hajat(7)
2. boxroom
3. water closet
4. anteroom
5. girls' room
6. mutvak(8)
7. living room
8. north-west room and staircase.
The entrance to the ground floor is from the south-east, through a double-valved, round-arched door with a width of 1.90 m. The doors are closed by means of a mandala – a wooden bar drawn back into the wall.
The hajat measures 4.10 x 2.40 m, with four steps 17 cm in height to bridge the different levels(9). To the north-east the hajat leads into a polygonal antechamber (the women's quarters), where there is a wooden staircase leading to the first floor (probably to the women's divanhana), a storeroom, a privy, the girls' room and the kitchen.
The storeroom measures 4.22 x 3.05 m, and has two 60 cm wide windows. The privy is in the eastern corner of the building, and is 1.15 m wide and 3.05 m long, with a single 50 cm wide window.
The girls' room measures 2.75 x 2.65, and has one 90 cm wide window.
The polygonal kitchen measures 3.80 x 4.25 m and has two doors, one between it and the antechamber and the other opening onto the living room. Light enters the window through two 90 cm wide windows.
The living room measures 4.35 x 4.25 m, and faces north-west and south-west, with four 90 cm wide windows. The small room in the southern corner of the building measures 3.07 x 2.90 m, and has three 90 cm wide windows.
The second (men's) staircase is between the living room and the small room. It is about 1 m wide, with risers 19 cm in height.
All the ground-floor rooms have wooden floors.
First floor
The first floor measures 13.20 x 10.25 m. The wooden staircase leading up from the ground floor opens onto the divanhana(10), which occupies the middle of the building and was probably originally divided into men's and women's halves. Though there are no signs of a partition wall, its considerable size, running through the entire house, and complex layout support this theory. The men's divanhana has two 58 cm wide windows facing south-east and two more, also 58 cm wide, facing south-west (above the staircase); the women's half has three smaller windows, 40 cm wide, facing north-west and two facing north-east, 48 and 60 cm wide respectively. The divanhana has wooden floorboards.
The men's divanhana leads into rooms (čardaks) and a bathroom (it is not known what this was originally used for).
The reception room (čardak) is in the south corner of the building, and measures 3.80 x 3.74 m, with two rectangular windows facing south-east and two south-west, all 73 cm wide.
The living room (čardak ćošak) occupies the west corner of the building, and measures 3.50 x 3.40 m. It faces south-west and north-west, towards the town, with six rectangular windows about 75 cm in width.
The bathroom is on the south-east side of the building, and has two entrances, one from the men's and one from the women's divanhana. It measures 3.30 x 3.70 m, and has one 72 cm wide window.
The women's divanhana leads into a bedroom in the north corner of the building, measuring 3.62 x 3.54 m, facing north-west onto the town, with two 75 cm wide windows.
The girls' room is in the middle of the house, and measures 3.6 x 2.28 m, with two 72 cm wide windows facing north-west.
The čardak (wrongly called the kitchen in the survey of the condition of the building) is in the east corner of the building, and measure 3.5 x 3.70 m, with four 71 cm wide windows facing south-east and north-east.
All the first-floor rooms have wooden floors.
Roof
The building has a wooden hipped roof with a pitch of about 45 degrees. Some of the rafters are more than 6.50 m long, and the posts are about 5 m in height. The roof is clad with wooden shingles.
The basement and outside walls of the ground floor are of rubble stone. They have a slight inward batter of about 5 degrees, giving this part of the house the appearance of a tower-house (indeed, the locals call this the Pozderac tower). This masonry part of the house is about 6 m in height as measured on the north side. The outside walls of the ground floor are of rubble stone and are 50 cm thick; the interior partition walls are half-timbered, and are 15 cm thick. The half-timbered walls were later faced with panel-board.
The entire first floor is half-timbered, consisting of a framework of timbers – posts, beams and struts – with an infill of unfired brick. The first-floor walls are about 20 cm thick.
The ceiling consists of wooden joists with beech slats between – šišeta. In part of the building, reeds were nailed to the slats and the ceiling was plastered with lime plaster.
The house is known to have a wealth of furnishings and fittings, but when occupying forces broke into it, almost everything was removed, leaving only the wooden sećije [built-in settees].
An outstanding feature of this building is the façades. The steeply-pitched roof and the whitewashed walls of the first floor with their many windows form a striking contrast with the solid stone walls of the ground floor and basement.
3. Legal status to date
The historic building of Nurija Pozderac's house is on the Provisional list of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina under serial no.169.
4. Research and conservation and restoration works
Repairs to the foundations were carried out in May 1990 by the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The foundations of the lower wall, the side walls and part of the entrance wall were replaced. Repair works were also carried out on the façades, and the windows were repainted.
In 1998 and 1999, Cazin Municipality funded the replacement of the roof cladding with new chestnut shingles, the replacement of the exterior woodwork, and the whitewashing of the façades. The works were carried out by a local company (details from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport).
On 15 December 2006 the area around Nurija Pozderac’s birthplace was cleared in order to prepare the site for a revitalization project. The Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport allocated 25,000 KM for the restoration of the property, and the Ministry of Culture of Una-Sana Canton provided a further 10,000 KM.
5. Current condition of the property
Though it is not apparent at first sight, the house in which Nurija Pozderac was born is in poor structural condition. Rain entering the house, as well as other adverse circumstances, mainly its horizontal movement, have caused considerable damage to the interior in particular.
Entrance area:
- there is no access pathway or entrance steps. Inappropriate modern materials have been used;
- the threshold has been covered with concrete.
Basement:
- there is visible structural damage inside the basement, with diagonal cracks as much as 1.5 cm wide on the lower and outer walls;
- the horizontal movement of the building has caused parts of the segmental arch over the entrance doorway to fall away;
- horizontal forces on the side walls from the street side have caused a noticeable shift in the lower wall (towards the brook) and bellying of about 20 cm in thickness. It is not known whether this deformation occurred before or since the repairs to the foundations;
- the cracks range in length from 50 cm to as much as 2 metres;
- the wooden beams are exposed in places;
- the remains of the former secondary construction can be seen;
- the joists between the basement and ground floor are in quite good condition, dry and without deformation;
- the beaten-earth floor of the basement, with visible tiling, shows no sign of damp;
- the wooden post supporting the joists stands on a stone base and shows no signs of damage.
Ground floor:
- cracks up to 3 cm wide can be seen on almost all the plastered walls;
- there is obvious fire damage;
- the joists are in quite good condition except for the damaged area;
- the half-timbered structure is sound, but the movement of the building has resulted in some of the timbers breaking loose from their bearings;
- the infill between the timbers is dilapidated and the movement of the building has caused the plaster to fall away;
- the north bearing wall is exposed to damp;
- the primary bearing beams are in very poor condition in this part of the building.
First floor:
- the worst cracks are at their most noticeable on this floor;
- damp from the roof has caused serious damage to the plaster;
- the timbers are badly damaged and most need replacing;
- the modern bathroom is a later intervention.
Roof timbers:
- part of the roof timbers have been damaged by fire;
- there is obvious damage to the posts and rafters. The rafters have been treated with wood preservative, as a result of which they are less noticeably affected by damp;
- there are signs of numerous later interventions to the roof timbers.
6. Specific risks
- rain penetrating through the damaged roof and affecting the structure of the walls;
- damp penetrating the structural timbers and other woodwork;
- horizontal movement of the building.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C.i. quality of workmanship
C.iv. composition
C.vi. value of construction
D. Clarity
D.i. evidence of historical change
F. Townscape/ Landscape value
F.ii. meaning in the townscape
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
G. Authenticity
G.i. form and design
G.ii. material and content
G.v. location and setting
H. Rarity and representativity
H.i. unique or rare example of a certain type or style
I. Completeness
I.i. physical coherence
I.ii. homogeneity
I.iii. completeness
I.iv. undamaged condition.
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Copy of cadastral plan and ownership details;
- Photodocumentation of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of BiH;
- Survey of the condition of the property conducted by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of BiH:
1. Site plan,
2. Plan of basement,
3. Plan of ground floor,
4. Plan of first floor,
5. Plan of roof,
6. Longitudinal section,
7. Transverse section,
8. Façade 1,
9. Façade 2,
10. Façade 3,
11. Façade 4;
- Project for the reconstruction of the property by design studio dd Arhitekt –Bihać:
1. Verification of horizontality of the building,
2. Decision on project funds issued by Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport,
3. Letter from Cazin Municipality to Cantonal Institute for the Protection of Monuments of Una-Sana Canton requesting approval,
4. Expert opinion no 07-40-4-1463-1/08 of 24. 04. 2008 issued by Federal Ministry of Spatial Planning,
5. Certification by municipal court,
6. Copy of cadastral plan,
7. List of plots,
8. Site description by Nataša Šahinović,
9. Technical description,
10. Bill of quantities,
11. Plan of basement,
12. Plan of ground floor,
13. Plan of first floor,
14. Transverse section,
15. Longitudinal section,
16. Photographs of interior,
17. Analyses of damage.
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the property as a national monument, the following works were consulted:
1889. Meringer, Rudolf. “Pučka kuća u BiH”, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja (The Vernacular House in BiH, Jnl of the National Museum). Sarajevo, 1889.
1927. Karanović, Milan. “O tipovima kuća u Bosni”, GZM (Types of House in Bosnia, Jnl of the National Museum, History and Ethnography). Sarajevo, 1927.
1934. Kreševljaković, Hamdija. Cazin i okolina (Cazin and Environs). Sarajevo, 1934.
1943. Lopašić, Radoslav. Bihać i bihaćka krajina (Bihać and the Bihać Krajina), 2nd ed. Zagreb, 1943.
1952. Kreševljaković, Hamdija. “Prilozi povijesti bosanskih gradova pod turskom upravom”, Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom (Contributions to the History of Bosnian Towns under Turkish Administration, Contributions for Oriental Philology and the History of the South Slavs under Turkish Governance), II/1951. Sarajevo: Institute for Oriental Studies in Sarajevo, 1952, 119-184.
1953. Kreševljaković, Hamdija. “Stari bosanski gradovi,” (Old Bosnian Towns), Naše starine I. Sarajevo, 1953, 7-45.
1957. Vego, Marko. Naselja srednjovjekovne bosanske države (Settlements of the Mediaeval Bosnian State). Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1957.
1967. Kadić, Muhamed. Starinska seoska kuća u BiH (The Old Rural House in BiH). Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša, Cultural Heritage series, 1967.
1975. Jusić, Enisa. “Cazin, srednjovjekovni grad,” (Cazin, a Mediaeval Town), Arheološki pregled Saveza arheoloških društava Jugoslavije (Archaeological Survey of the Federal of Archaeological Societies of Yugoslavia), XVII/1975. Belgrade, 1975,143-145.
1989. Škaljić, Abdulah. Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku (Turkish Loanwords in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1989.
2001. Bugarski, Astrida. Sjećanje na korijene, Tradicionalne stambene zgrade Hrvata BiH u drugoj polovici XIX i prvoj polovici XX stoljeća (Remembering our Roots: Traditional Houses of the Croats of BiH in the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century). Sarajevo, 2001.
2004. Bajrić, Azra. Cazin. Cazin: Cazin Municipality and Cultural Centre, 2004.
(1) For more on the history of the town, see decisions designating national monuments in Cazin municipality.
(2) Ahmet aga Pozderac – bey of Cazin. On hearing that the Berlin Congress had granted Austria-Hungary the right to administer Bosnia, the people of Cazin came together to defend their part of the world. Radoslav Lopašić notes that they responded to the call to arms by the imperial mutasarif [district prefect], Husein effendi Karabegović, by taking up their “crooks and hoes.” Two of Cazin's beys, Hajji Ahmed aga Pozderac and bey Toromanović, took the lead.
(3) Born in Cazin on 15 January 1892. He was a teacher, and also served as a deputy, and later vice-chairman, of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization (YMO). He did a great deal to improve the education system, encouraging the building of new schools and the introduction of literacy classes. Thanks to him, a general school and two vocational schools were opened in Cazin. His work for the good of the people earned Nurija Pozderac widespread popular support. When the [Second World] war broke out, he refused to collaborate with the occupying forces, and condemned the Ustasha persecution of Serbs. On one occasion he stood his ground in the face of an Ustasha unit sent to kill the Serbs of the village of Osredak, telling them to go back to Zagreb, failing which they would pass over his dead body. Josip Broz Tito heard of Nurija Pozderac's views, and stayed with him in Cazin in December 1942 during a visit to the Krajina. Pozderac was appointed as chair of the National Liberation Board in Cazin, and as vice-chairman of the Executive Committee at the first AVNOJ session on 26 November 1942. During the Fifth enemy offensive, on 8 June 1943, he was wounded in the forest near the Duži katun [summer pasture] on the Vučevo mountain plateau above Sutjeska. He died on 12 June 1943 at Dragoš-Sedlo on the way to Tjentište. His two sons, Hamdija and Hakija, became leading Communist politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the new Yugoslavia, particularly Hamdija, who was in the highest echelons of the Yugoslav state in the 1980s.
(4) For more see section 4: Research and conservation and restoration works
(5) Since this house was originally a “warrior's house” of a defensive nature, the storeroom wall was reinforced with stone and the windows are often very narrow, with a splay on the inside.
(6) Kadić, 58
(7) Hajat – ground-floor hallway.
(8) Mutvak – (Ar.) kitchen.
(9) Translator’s note: the decision does not state whether the steps lead down or up into the hajat.
(10) Divanhana (pers.) – spacious first-floor antechamber of landing; a room used for conversation and as a sitting room.
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