Status of monument -> National monument

Published in the “Official Gazette of BiH”, no. 3/09.

Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 9 to 15 September 2008 the Commission adopted a

D E C I S I O N

I

The architectural ensemble of the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque with harem in Tomislavgrad is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).

The National Monument consists of the mosque and harem with the burial ground.

The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 1893, Land Register entry no. 628, cadastral municipality Tomislavgrad, Municipality Tomislavgrad, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The sofas of the mosque are not subject to the protection regime set forth by this Decision, since they have not been executed to correspond to the original condition, and thus do not fulfil the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on the designation of a property as a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03).

The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07) shall apply to the National Monument.

II

The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the protection, conservation, presentation and restoration of the National Monument.

The Government of the Federation shall be responsible for providing the funds for drawing up and implementing the technical documentation required for the restoration of the National Monument.

The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and erecting signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.

III

To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument on the site defined in Clause 1 para. 3 of this Decision, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated:

-       all works are prohibited other than conservation and restoration works, with the approval of the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina;

-       the restoration of the mosque shall be carried out in line with the following conditions:

-         structural repair and consolidation of the damaged walls;

-         replacement of the damaged parts of the roof and ceiling joists with new ones modelled on the old;

-         the use of the same or the same type of materials as those used to build the property and using the same building methods and methods of treating the materials;

-         drawing up a project for the reconstruction, restoration and reintegration of the plastered wall surfaces inside the mosque, to be based on the findings of stratographic examination of the remains of the original plaster and pigments, their chemical composition, and the nature of the plaster in regard to its granulometry and the materials used;

-         redesigning the sofas so as to match their original appearance, number of storeys and roof pitch;

-         the sofas shall be brought into line with the roof of the main part of the building.

IV

            All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are hereby revoked.

V

Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation and rehabilitation thereof.

VI

The Government of the Federation, the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning, the Federation heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.

VII

The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.aneks8komisija.com.ba)

VIII

Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.

IX

This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH.

This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.

No: 02-02-662/03-11

10 September 2008

Sarajevo

Chair of the Commission

Ljiljana Ševo

E l u c i d a t i o n

I – INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.

On 17 March 2003 the Centre for Islamic Architecture of Sarajevo submitted a petition to designate the Džudža Džafer mosque (Čaršija mosque) in Tomislavgrad as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.

II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION

In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:

-       Documentation on the location and the current owner and user of the property (copy of cadastral plan).

-       Details of the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.

-       Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.

The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:

1. Details of the property

Location

The Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque with harem is in the very centre of Tomislavgrad, about 100 to the west of Mijat Tomić street, which leads from here to Šujica. To the west and north of the mosque is Mehmed-aga Prušćanin street (formerly Youth Brigades street), and to the east is a private property and Pijačna street.

The Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque with harem is located on a site designated as cadastral plot no. 1893, title deed no. 628, cadastral municipality Tomislavgrad, Municipality Tomislavgrad, Land Register entry no. 128, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Historical information

Tomislavgrad is a town in south-western Bosnia, on the north-western edge of the Duvno polje, on a minor road leading from Dalmatia to Bosnia. In early mediaeval times, Tomislavgrad – or Duvno, as it was then called(1) – was a župa (county) of the Croatian state(2); the region became part of Bosnia during the reign of ban (governor) Stjepan Kotromanjić. The Turks took the town in the latter half of the 15th century(3). In the early part of the 17th century, the site of the present-day town was occupied by a town called Županj – Potok. The town is referred to by this name in 1616 by the Livno-born travel chronicler Hajji Jusuf, who related that it was in the Duvno nahija (minor administrative unit). Hamdija Kreševljaković refers to a market town by the name of Duvno in the late 17th century, saying that it became a captaincy in the early years of the 18th century(4). Before World War I, the town was called Županjac, but was renamed Tomislavgrad in 1929. After World War II it was again called Duvno, the name used in mediaeval times, only to have the name Tomislavgrad restored in 1990.

In the mid 17th century Evliya Çelebi said of Duvno that it “resembles the gardens of paradise, belongs to the Klis sanjak, and has four hundred houses and an imposing congregational mosque, several everyday mosques, a han [khan, caravanserai], a small hammam and ten shops.” He says of the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Duvno that it had a dome clad with copper, and was entered from the north, from a jutty where there were several arched sofas.

The only public edifice mentioned by Çelebi that still survives is the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque(5).

Little is known of Džudža Džafer, and the precise date when his mosque was built is not known either, but it was certainly before 1615(6), when it was referred to by the travel chronicler Hajji Jusuf, who was the muezzin of the mosque. The benefactor, Džafer, is known to have been a bey or agha(7), but it is not known whether Džudža was his surname or a nickname (dwarf, or midget)(8). Džafer is assumed to have been from the Kopčić family, among whom this was a common name(9).

An important date associated with the history of the building is 1791, when it was badly damaged when gunpowder exploded in the fort(10) (Sedidžedid), where there were 75 houses. After this, the dome of the mosque was replaced by a hipped roof, and a solidly-built structure with a pent roof was erected to replace the sofas(11). This extension would remain unaltered for a full 186 years, after which it was completely reconstructed.

From the 1920s to the 1950s a Domovnica book (records of domicile) was maintained, giving biographical details of the members of the congregation; these documents are kept in the archives housed in the extension.

Another detail concerning the management of the property that is known with certainty is that the imams of the mosque were Omer Livnjak (c. 1615), Mula Salih, Salih effendi (1789), sin Hasanov (1795), Balić Husein, Hotić Salih (1894), Derviš Hotić. Mahmut effendi, Hasan effendi Kustović, Mehmed effendi Pehlivanović, Abdulah Srebrenković, Sulejman Karađoz and Omer Kozić.

The muezzins were Jusuf Livnjak (c. 1615), Isak Vedo (1894), Tahir Aral, Salih Jerlagić, Abid Musagić - Bidžan, Muharem Hadžić and Osman Musagić – Šesto(12).

In 1977 the roof cladding of the extension was replaced, and a roof consisting of three copper-clad domes was installed, a gift from the Duvno monastery.

Later, in 1988, the minaret was increased in height to 33 metres.

During the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the mosque was not damaged, but it was damaged after the war, in 1997, when an explosive device was planted on the upper storey of the hajat, right by the minaret. This left the extension in ruins, but the minaret was undamaged.

The following year, 1998, a project was drawn up for the reconstruction of the extension by architect Hasan Dizdarević. The project also provided for the removal of the hipped roof and the construction of a reinforced concrete dome, but this was not carried out(13).

2. Description of the property

            In its original form, the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque belonged to the type of single space, stone-built domed mosque with sofas outside the entrance area and a stone minaret. The original part of the mosque is square in plan with sides of 13.50 x 13.50 m. The stone walls are 10.85 m in height(14).

After being damaged in 1791, the mosque was not restored to its original form; instead, the stone dome was replaced by a hipped roof with a flat wooden ceiling(15). The ridge of the present-day hipped roof is at a height of 16.00 m.

After 1791, an extension(16) was built onto the mosque outside the entrance, instead of the sofas, abutting onto the north-western frontispiece of the building. This extension is now covered by three domes. In width it is rather narrower than the original width of the mosque, at 13.00 m, and is 6.40 m in length(17).

As a result the overall footprint has increased to 13.50 x 19.90 m, with an upper-storey jutty of an additional 65 cm.

The ground floor area of the extension(18) to the north-west links the harem and the original part of the mosque. The double-valved door of the extension measures 150 x 222 cm.

The ground floor contains an entrance hall 3.00 m wide and 6.10 m long. To the west of this hajat is the office of the Islamic community, which is 4.15 m wide and 6.10 m long, and to the east is a room of the same size intended for small meetings.

The entrance hall is at ground level, but the side rooms are raised by 0.50 m, and are separated from the hallway by a masonry parapet and frosted glass(19). At the end of the hallway is a double-valved door leading from the extension into the original part of the mosque.

A staircase leads from the ground to the first floor, where the imam's office is located, with a library, archive, sound library and mekteb (Qur'an school)(20).

The imam's office, entered from the mekteb, measures 4.25 x 6.40 m on the inside.

The mekteb measures 7.45x6.40 m on the inside, and leads into the mahfil of the mosque through a double-valved door measuring 150 x 210 cm. The entire first floor is at a height of 3.80 m above ground level.

This newly-built section is covered by three domes with a radius of 140 cm, the apexes of which are at a height of 8.64 m above ground level.

The basement contains the boiler room, abdesthana (room for ritual ablutions), toilets and gusulhana (room for laying out the dead). An L-shaped staircase 155 cm wide on the west side leads down into this area from the ground floor. The boiler room, which measures 288 x 245 cm, is next to the staircase on the west side. The abdesthana and two toilets are in the middle, measuring 300 x 288 cm overall. The abdesthana leads into the gusulhana to the east via a 150 cm-wide hallway. The abdesthana itself measures 415 x 450 cm on the inside. The newly-built basement is separated from the original mosque by 1.30 m, and is 2.64 m below ground level(21). Apart from the gusulhana, the entire basement is lit by natural light entering through the basement windows and light wells.

A double-valved portal measuring 138 x 200 cm leads into the original part of the mosque from the ground floor of the extension. The doors are green, and are topped by a pointed arch and application resembling mušebak latticework.

The interior of the mosque is square in plan, with sides of 11.40 x 11.40 m and a height of 10.85 m to the painted ceiling. The massive original walls of coursed stone are 105 cm thick.

The mahfil runs along three inside walls of the original part of the mosque(22); it is 275 cm deep(23), and set at a height of 3.10 m above ground floor level, supported by ten wooden columns with a diameter of 22 cm, each of which stands on a square wooden base 25 cm in width. The mahfil was made of pine, and has a balustrade painted white and green. Midway along the mahfil on the north-west side is a projecting balcony measuring 160 x 85 cm, the balustrade of which matches that of the rest of the mahfil, and the sides of which are chamfered at an angle of 45 degrees, making the projection five-sided in plan.

On the west side of the mahfil is the only entrance to the minaret, measuring 65 x 190 cm(24). Two staircases lead from the ground floor to the mahfil(25). The first is in the north corner, and is 85 cm wide. This wooden staircase is L-shaped, and has a cupboard underneath with an area of approx. 1.50 m2 with wooden doors closing it off from the ground floor of the mosque.(26)  

To the west of the entrance to the original part of the mosque is a circular staircase 65 cm in width leading from the ground floor to the mahfil. The entrance from this staircase to the mahfil measures 60 x 180 cm, and has no door, whereas the doorway on the ground floor has a wooden door. This staircase is of stone, with the exception of the four topmost steps, which are wooden.

The semicircular mihrab niche is on the south-east wall. It is 390 cm high to the top of the mihrab crown, and has a diameter of 120 cm. It is divided into seven sections, painted in various shades of green to a height of 3.00 m, at which point the opening begins to narrow through the six rows of stalactite decorations that terminate in the mihrab crown. The stalactites and the mihrab crown are brightly painted, and the bottom row of stalactites terminates in six mihrab “tears,” below which is an inscription of part of ayat 37 of Surah Ali 'Imran, the third Surah of the Qur'an: Whenever Zachariah went in to her in the Sanctuary. Below this ayat, in the mihrab hollow, are the names Allah and Muhammad inscribed in muthanna (mirrored) Arabic script.(27)  

The mihrab niche is surrounded by a moulded frame projecting out from the wall face by between 17 and 23 cm. The frame(28) is 60 cm wide overall, and its upper edge is at a height of 5.00 m. The frame is painted green and white. The space between the mihrab and the frame is richly decorated in colour, and contains a framed inscription(29), part of ayat 39 of Surah Ali 'Imran: And the angels called to him, standing in the Sanctuary at worship.(30)  

Above the frame are two medallions with a diameter of 60 cm, set symmetrically, containing inscriptions. The medallion at the south corner reads: Allah Almighty; the one at the east corner reads: Muhammad, peace be upon him.(31)  

To the south and east of the mihrab is an area with a width of 97 cm, separated from the rest of the ground floor of the mosque by a railing 80 cm in height. To the east, this railed-off area is blocked off by a wooden ćurs(32) (pulpit) measuring 97 x 90 cm. To the south is the mimber, which is 72 cm wide (not counting the balustrade) and 3.45 m long. The topmost point of the mimber is 2.20 m high.

The mimber consists of three sections:

-       the portal(33), steps and wooden balustrade(34)  

-       the top section, set on four wooden pillars(35)  

-       the triangular side sections(36)  

The interior of the original part of the mosque is lit by twelve windows, five on each of the side walls and two on the mihrab wall.

There are three rows of windows on the side walls (south-west and north-east) – two rows each of two windows below, and a single window above, in the middle of the wall. The windows on the mihrab wall are level with the bottom row only. All the windows in the bottom row measure 100 x 140 cm.

The second row of windows are set directly above those of the bottom row, are smaller in size at 80 x 190 cm, and terminate in pointed arches.

The topmost windows are at mid point in the upper zone of the mosque walls, and are set in blind arches. They are somewhat smaller than the windows in the bottom row, at 80 x 190 cm, and also terminate in pointed arches.

The south-west and north-west walls each bear three medallions in the interior between the second-row windows. The south-west wall bears the names of two of the rightly-guided (patriarchal) caliphs and one of the Prophet's grandsons. In the south corner is the name Abu Bakr the faithful, may Allah be pleased with him. In the middle is the name 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. The west corner bears the name Hussain, may Allah be pleased with him. 1393 (1973). The north-east wall bears the names of the other two patriarchal caliphs and the Prophet's other grandson. In the east corner is the name 'Umar the just, may Allah be pleased with him. In the middle is the name 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. The north corner bears the name Hassan, may Allah be pleased with him.(37)  

The transition from the square plan of the mosque to the circular drum was effected via trompes(38), evidence that the mosque was indeed domed. The trompes are set at the corners, with stalactites below each. Each of the trompes is in the form of a tripartite ribbed spherical structure. Between the trompes the walls are painted with blind arches.

The trompes are 3.90 m in height and about 4.40 m wide. The decorated stalactites, which consist of six richly coloured rows gradually narrowing towards the base, are set below the central section of the trompes.

Above the trompes is a decorated flat circular ceiling with a radius of 5.70 m, at a level of 10.85 above ground floor level. In the middle of the ceiling is a painted circle with a diameter of 180 cm, painted green on the inside. The rest of the ceiling is divided into eight sections each painted in different colours, with painted crescent moons, stars and other decorative elements(39).

The calligraphic inscriptions on the ceiling have been carefully selected. In the middle is the 112th Surah, al-Ikhlas, in free-style Arabic script: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Say: He is God, One, God, the Everlasting Refuge, who has not begotten, and has not been begotten, and equal to Him is not any one.(40)  

The two rings surrounding the paintwork on the ceiling bear the following texts. The inner ring is inscribed with the first Surah of the Qur’an, al-Fatiha: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise belongs to God, the Lord of all Being, the All-merciful, the All-compassionate, the Master of the Day of Doom. Thee only we serve; to Thee alone we pray for succour. Guide us in the straight path, the path of those whom Thou hast blessed, not of those against who Thou art wrathful, nor of those who are astray.

The outer ring is inscribed with the Throne verse, ayat al-kursi, the 255th ayat of the 2nd Surah, al-Baqara: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. God, there is no god but He, the Living, the Everlasting. Slumber seizes Him not, neither sleep. To him belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth. Who is there who shall intercede with Him save by His leave? He knows what lies before them and what is after them, and they comprehend not anything of His knowledge save such as He wills. His Throne comprises the heavens and earth; the preserving of them oppresses Him not; He is the All-high, the All-glorious.(41)  

Other calligraphy in the mosque includes three portable levhas dating from the mid 20th century, worthy of mention. A levha in a circular frame, inscribed in black ink on paper and hanging on the south-west wall below the mahfil, reads: God, there is no god but Him, the Living, the Eternal. Two small levhas on glass hanging on the south-east mihrab wall, in the south and east corners, are inscribed Allah Almighty (south) and Muhammad, peace be upon him (east).

The mosque also contains a number of old lithographs with images of Mecca and Medina.(42)

The stone-built minaret is 33.00 m in height overall, not counting the alem (finial)(43). It stands against the south-west side of the mosque, and is accessed solely from the mahfil inside the mosque: there is no access to the minaret from the ground floor.

The minaret consists of a high basal section, a twelve-sided shaft, a šerefe (balcony), barrel and spire with a metal alem. The šerefe is undecorated. Inside the minaret is a spiral stone staircase 65 cm wide.

The base of the minaret is 6.50 m high and measures 240 x 250 cm in section. The transition to the twelve-sided shaft is via a waisted section with a height of 90 cm. At a height of 7.40 m, the diameter of the circle within which the twelve-sided section of the shaft is inscribed narrows to 195 cm. The waisted section is separated from the base below and the shaft above by a slightly accentuated stone string course.

Above, the shaft of the minaret merges into the bowl of the šerefe, which is 110 cm high. Above this again is the barrel, topped by the copper-clad spire, which is 200 cm in height, and the alem.

The north-west entrance façade is 13.00 m long and consists of a ground floor section and a first-floor jutty. At ground-floor level is a double-valved wooden portal, measuring 150 x 222 cm, framed to the sides with mouldings with an overall width of 70 cm. Above is a frame consisting of a half-cylinder with a height of 21 cm. Above this again is a black marble plaque measuring 180 x 57 cm, mounted there in 2005 and inscribed with a Qur'anic ayat(44): Enter, o soul at peace.

To each side at ground-floor level are two double-casement windows measuring 90 x 120 cm, with somewhat accentuated frames 15 cm in width. The first floor projects out above the ground floor by 65 cm, and has five arched windows measuring 90 x 160 cm. It is topped by three copper-clad domes with a diameter of 140 cm, behind and above which is the outside wall of the original part of the mosque. The entire façade is painted white, apart from the window frames, which are of a different colour.

The south-west façade consists of two parts. The south side is original, and is 13.50 m in length. The stone minaret stands at the west end. This part of the mosque has two rectangular windows measuring 100 x 140 cm at ground-floor level and two arched windows measuring 90 x 190 cm at first-floor level, with above a single arched window measuring 80 x 190 cm in the middle of the wall. This façade is plastered in grey.

The west side is newly-built, and is 6.40 m in length, not counting the 65 cm first-floor jutty. This façade has two windows at the south corner, the lower window rectangular and the upper arched. In size and shape these windows match those on the north-west façade. This façade is painted white.

The north-east façade also consists of a new and an old section. The fenestration, measurements and structure are almost identical to those of the south-west façade.

The rear, south-east façade is 13.50 m in length, and has two rectangular windows measuring 100 x 140 cm at ground-floor level. The entire façade is finished in grey plaster like the north-east and south-west façades of the original part of the mosque.

The mosque is surrounded on the outside by a concrete strip or pavement 90 cm in width, laid over a vertical hydroinsulation layer.

As regards materials and construction, the original part of the mosque was built of coursed stone, with walls 105 cm thick. The minaret too was built of stone. The original dome of the mosque was of stone clad with copper, later replaced by a hipped wooden-frame roof clad with tiles. The hipped roof is topped by a copper projection with an alem-like finial.

The minaret spire is copper-clad, and the stonework is left exposed. The rest of the original part of the mosque is plastered but not painted, apart from the north-western part, which is painted white.

The extension on the north-west side was built of reinforced concrete with an infill of brick blocks. This structure was clad with heat insulating material and rendered with cement plaster which was then painted white. The three domes are also of reinforced concrete, and are clad with copper.

The exterior and interior woodwork of both the original part of the mosque and the extension is all of wood. The floor of the original part of the mosque, the mahfil and the mimber are also wooden.

The floor of the basement in the extension is of stone, as are the stairs in the new section and the ground-floor entrance area. The first-floor rooms have beechwood parquet floors.

The north interior staircase between the original ground floor section and the mahfil is wooden, while the circular staircase to the west is stone, apart from the first few steps which have been replaced by wooden ones.

The original part of the mosque is 10.85 m in height from floor to ceiling, and 5.15 m in height from ceiling to roof. The mahfil is at a height of 3.10 m, with its wooden structure not exceeding 15 cm in thickness. The stone walls of the original part of the mosque are 105 cm thick(45), and the reinforced concrete walls of the extension are 30 cm and 25 cm thick.

The daylight height of the ground floor of the extension is 270 cm and 320 cm. The daylight height of the basement is 235 cm, and that of the first floor, not counting the space inside the domes, is 280 cm. The overall thickness of the floor joists of the extension is 29 cm.

The pavement surrounding the mosque is concrete, as is the wall surrounding the harem, though in this case it is combined with a metal railing.

The šadrvan fountain is made of reinforced concrete and covered with a copper dome similar to those of the extension on the north-west side of the mosque.

The courtyard with harem beside the mosque, which is roughly rectangular, is surrounded by a concrete wall combined with a metal railing, about 2.00 m in height. The courtyard measures 58.00 x 33.00 m.(46)  

To the north-west of the building is the entrance gateway, access path, stone mejtaš (stone on which the deceased is laid for the performance of the janaza, the funeral prayers), and šadrvan fountain. The gateway, access path and fountain date from the early 21st century, when the original stone mejtaš was mounted on a concrete plinth. The mejtaš is 12.50 m from the north-west outside wall of the extension to the mosque, and is rectangular, with a footprint of 80 x 66 cm and an original height of 39 to 45 cm. Now, with the concrete plinth, it is 60 cm in height.

The hexagonal šadrvan with a copper-clad dome was built in 2000, and is about 4.50 m in overall height, or 3.00 m to the base of the dome. The hexagon is inscribed in a circle with a diameter of 4.00 m, and consists of six columns of circular section between which is a low concrete wall with a height of 90 cm, except on the south-west entrance side. In the middle is a hexagonal fountain with a height of 250 cm and above the entrance is a stone plaque bearing this inscription:

We made from water all living things.(47)

This fountain was erected for the

soul of the late Đugum Ilijaz (1937-1999)

by his wife and children.

To the west and north-west(48) of the mosque is a burial ground with some fifty nišan tombstones, of which about thirty are more than a century old, and most of which have no epitaphs. Some of them stand out on account of their great size, as is typical of older nišans in this region.

1. Man’s nišan with rounded turban, square in section 24 x 24 cm with a height of 170 cm, fallen and lying under the steps of the imam’s house in the south-eastern part of the harem. The bones of the dead from the Spahi’s harem, on which a hotel was built in 1968, were transferred to this part of the harem. This and nišan no. 2 belong to the Spahi’s harem. This one bears an epitaph reading:

هو الله يا واقفا بقبري متفكرا بامري تالامس كنت مثلك و غدا تصير مثلي صاحب القبر درويش ابن الحاج صالح لقمان روحيجون رضاء لله الفاتحة سنة 1299

He, God! You who stand at my grave, reflect on my condition, yesterday I was as you are, and tomorrow you will be like me. The owner of this grave is Derviš, son of hajji Salih Lokmić. [Recite] Fatiha for God’s pleasure and his soul. 1299 (1881-82).

2. Fallen man’s nišan with turban, octagonal in section with sides of 18 and 9 cm and a height of 213 cm. A hollow niche on the front of the nišan contains this epitaph, which is hard to decipher:

يا الله الباقي اين صاحب القبري و المقان ....الحاج ابراهيم بن الحاج محمد اغا ..... سنة 1260

O Eternal God! The owner of this grave ……… is hajji Ibrahim, son of hajji Muhamed-aga ……year 1260 (1844).

3. Nišan with a woman’s cap, partly buried, without epitaph, measuring in section 19 x 16 cm with a height of 62 cm.

4. Nišan with a woman’s cap, without epitaph, measuring in section 19 x 16 cm with a height of 89 cm.

5. Nišan with the top broken off, without epitaph, measuring in section 16 x 15 cm with a height of 80 cm.

6. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, without epitaph, rectangular in section, 16 x 12 cm with a height of 92 cm. The footstone nišan is in the form of a stele.

7. Massive man’s nišan with a large turban, square in section, 28 x 28 cm with a height of 150 cm, without epitaph. The turban is 156 cm in circumference. The footstone nišan is square in section with a pyramidal top.

8. Massive man’s nišan with a large turban, rectangular in section, 33 x 29 cm with a height of 165 cm, without epitaph. The turban, of which the mudževeza has been broken off, is 160 cm in circumference. A niche has been cut into the nišan. The footstone nišan is missing.

9. Massive man’s nišan with a large, smooth turban, rectangular in section, 27 x 25 cm with a height of 150 cm, without epitaph. The turban is 175 cm in circumference. The back of the nišan is damaged. The footstone nišan is square in section with a pyramidal top.

10. Nišans attributed by tradition to Džudža Džafer, founder of the mosque(49). All that remains of the old nišans is the pleated turban, now mounted on nišans of recent manufacture. The grave has a modern stone surround. The turban is 120 cm in circumference.(50)  

11. Broken nišan measuring 18 x 12 x 60 cm with a footstone nišan in the shape of a stela.

12. Nišan with a woman’s cap, without epitaph, measuring in section 16 x 14 cm with a height of 60 cm.

13. Broken nišan measuring 24 x 21 x 87 cm, with an octagonal footstone nišan standing on a grave which has a stone surround measuring 175 x 97 cm with a height of 43 cm. The nišan has no epitaph, but has a niche carved into the front, with a line dividing it into two.

14. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, the edges of the nišan finely worked, square in section, 20 x 20 cm, with a height of 125 cm. The turban is 125 cm in circumference. The grave has a stone surround measuring 180 x 95 cm. The moulded slabs of the surround are 58 cm in height.

15. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, measuring in section 21x19 cm with a height of 132 cm.

16. Grave lacking its headstone nišan. The footstone nišan measures 23 x 15 x 114 cm. The stone surround of the grave measures 188 x 76 cm with a height of 15 cm.

17. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, rectangular in section, 22 x 20 cm with a height of 94 cm. The front of the turban is damaged. The footstone nišan measures 24 x 23 x 94 cm, and is flat-topped.

18. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, rectangular in section, 19 x 18 cm with a height of 74 cm.

19. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, square in section, 18 x 18 cm with a height of 75 cm.

20. Nišan without epitaph, rectangular in section, 17 x 13 cm with a height of 43 cm.

21. Man’s nišan with turban, without epitaph, rectangular in section, 19 x 16 cm with a height of 60 cm.

22. Damaged nišan without epitaph, rectangular in section, 17 x 15 cm with a height of 65 cm.

23. Woman’s nišan, without epitaph, rectangular in section, 16 x 14 cm with a height of 90 cm.

24. Massive man’s nišan with turban, rectangular in section, 31 x 30 cm with a height of 210 cm, without epitaph.

25. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, rectangular in section, 22 x 18 cm with a height of 105 cm, without epitaph.

26. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, rectangular in section, 28 x 20 cm with a height of 75 cm, without epitaph.

27. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, rectangular in section, 20 x 17 cm with a height of 120 cm, with an epitaph in Arabic:

هو الخلاق الباقي كل حي يموت كل مرزوق يفوت هذا صاحب قبر و نشان نائب علي افندي بن درويش خليل درويشويك عليه الرحمة و المغفرة روحيجون الفاتحة سنة 1293

He is the Eternal Creator. All living things shall die, all those provided for shall vanish. The owner of this grave and nišan is Naib Ali-efendi, son of dervish Halil Dervišević, may God pardon him and rest his soul. [Recite] Fatiha for his soul 1293 (1876).

28. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, rectangular in section, 16 x 15 cm with a height of 85 cm, without epitaph.

29. Nišan with broken-off turban, rectangular in section, 32 x 22 cm with a height of 124 cm, without epitaph, standing on a grave with a stone surround measuring 210 x 110 cm with a height of 36 cm.

30. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, rectangular in section, 30 x 21 cm with a height of 129 cm, without epitaph.

31. Broken, toppled nišan without turban, octagonal in section with sides of 10 and 8 cm, and a height of 170 cm. The grave has a stone surround measuring 190 x 81 cm with a height of 43 cm.

32. Massive man’s nišan with a large, smooth turban, rectangular in section, 35 x 33 cm with a height of 257 cm, without epitaph. The turban is 210 cm in circumference. The front of the nišan is damaged.

33. Man’s nišan with pleated turban, broken and lying on the ground, square in section, 22 x 22 cm with a height of 101 cm, without epitaph. The edges of the nišan are dressed. A niche has been carved into the front of the nišan, divided into two. The stone surround of the grave measures 192 x 76 x 39 cm.(51)  

The following nišans are also in this burial ground: Salih, son of Mustafa, hanedana Dumna, d. 1261 (1845); Ibrahim Hafiz, son of Derviš Alija, d. 1275 (1858); Duvnjak Abdulkerim Pehlivanović, d. 1280 (1863); Mustafa, son of Ibrahim Mulamuratović, d. 1290 (1873); hajji Husejin effendi, imam and hatib, d. 1290 (1873); Naib Ali effendi, son of Derviš Halil Dervišević, 1292 (1875); Emina, daughter of Mula Hasan Tuco, 1299 (1881). Also believed to be buried here is hajji Jusuf, already referred to as muezzin of this mosque(52). There are also some nišans of recent date here.

To the south is the imam's house, built in the 1960s, a two-storey building of rectangular plan, measuring 6.00 x 6.00 m.       

3. Legal status to date

According to the documentation available to us, the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque has not previously been listed or entered on the register of cultural monuments at any level.

4. Research and conservation and restoration works

The most significant date associated with conservation and restoration works on the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque is the year 1791, when the mosque was badly damaged, and when later reconstructed its original appearance was altered. The stone dome was replaced by a hipped roof and the sofas were walled up. There an extension with a pent roof was built abutting onto the mosque(53). The ground floor contained a hajat (hallway) and various premises such as a gusulhana (premises for laying out the dead), abdesthana (for ritual ablutions before prayer) and rooms for the religious official. The first floor contained a multi-purpose room mainly used as a mekteb, along with a reading-room and a meeting and reception room(54).

Over the years routine maintenance and structural repair works were carried out on this extension, and in 1977 it was completely rebuilt and a hajat was added. The new extension consisted of a two-storey building with a mekteb on the first floor and a gusulhana, abdesthana, office and vestibule on the ground floor. The original pent roof was replaced by a triple-domed roof clad with copper. Interior works were also carried out at the same time, giving the mosque its present appearance(55).

Previous works on the mosque were carried out between 1965 and 1970, when the stone walls of the mosque were rendered on the outside(56).

In the summer of 1988 the stone minaret was rebuilt and structurally repaired. Its height was increased to 33 m. The reconstruction was carried out under the leadership of Omer Karahmet of Višnjica near Kiseljak, and the works, which took three months, were supervised by Hasan Dizdarević and Anđelko Zelenika, members of staff of the Regional Institute for the Protection of Monuments of Mostar(57).

In 1995, even before the Dayton Peace Agreement for BiH was signed, the vertical damp-proofing of the mosque was made good and the concrete pavement was laid around the building.

In 1998 the extension was demolished and replaced by an extension serving similar purposes and again covered by three domes. The length was increased by about 1 metre, and the first floor was constructed as a jutty projecting by a further 65 cm. The extension was given not only a ground and first floor but also a basement, now housing the gusulhana and abdesthana, and a toilet block was also introduced. The project documentation indicates that there were further plans to refurbish the interior and to remove the hipped roof in order to replace it with a reinforced concrete dome. These works were never carried out.

After this, at the turn of the 20th-21st century, the harem and courtyard of the mosque were refurbished. The šadrvan was built and the access path laid, and the boundary wall was rebuilt. The damaged graves were relocated to another part of the same harem.

5. Current condition of the property

Generally speaking, the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad is in very good structural condition, with the exception of the south-east exterior wall, where structural deformation can be seen, probably caused by subsidence or damage to the foundations.

The façades of the original part of the mosque are damaged in places, and the rendering is falling away from the lower areas in places.

Cracks can be seen on the ceiling and trompes, the result of the deformation of the south-east exterior wall and of the 1997 explosion. The interior of the mosque, including the wooden structure of the mahfil, is in very good condition and kept regularly maintained.

Damp is prevented from entering the building by the introduction of a good-quality damp course around the perimeter walls in 1995, and regular maintenance of the tile-clad hipped roof.

The stone minaret of the mosque is in very good condition, despite the powerful explosion very close to it in 1997.

The reinforced concrete extension built in 1998 is immaculately maintained and is in excellent structural condition.

The harem of the mosque is in almost immaculate condition and is regularly maintained. In addition to the maintenance of the access path, šadrvan fountain, stone mejtaš, boundary wall and graves, it is clear that care is taken over the landscaping of the harem. A number of nišan tombstones broken in the explosion have been laid in the harem of the mosque.

6. Specific risks

Structural deformation of the south-east wall caused by subsidence or damage to the foundations.

III – CONCLUSION

Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.

The Decision was based on the following criteria:

A.         Time frame

B.         Historical value

C.         Artistic and aesthetic value

C.v.      value of details

C.vi.     value of construction

E.         Symbolic value

E.ii.      religious value

E.iii.      traditional value

E.v.      significance for the identity of a group of people

G.         Authenticity

G.v.      location and setting

The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:

-       Copy of cadastral plans

-       Copy of Land Register entry and proof of title

-       Photodocumentation

-       Drawings

Bibliography

During the procedure to designate the monument as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:

1900     Bašagić-Redžepagić, Safvet-beg. Kratka uputa u prošlost BiH od 1463 do 1850 (A Brief Introduction to the History of BiH from 1463 to 1850). Sarajevo: self-published, 1900.

1953     Bejtić, Alija. Spomenici osmanlijske arhitekture u Bosni i Hercegovini (Monuments of Ottoman architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina) offprint – Contributions to oriental philology and the history of the Yugoslav peoples under Turkish rule, volumes III-IV. Sarajevo: Oriental Institute, 1953.

1982     Šabanović, Hazim. Bosanski pašaluk (The Bosnian Pashaluk). Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1982.

1982     Redžić, Husref. Umetnost na tlu Jugoslavije, Islamska umjetnost (Art in Yugoslavia: Islamic Art). Belgrade: Publishing Institute of Yugoslavia, 1982.

1984     Andrejević, Andrej. Islamska monumentalna umetnost XVI veka u Jugoslaviji – kupolne džamije (16th century Islamic monumental art in Yugoslavia – domed mosques). Belgrade: Faculty of Philosophy of Belgrade, Institute of Art History, 1984.

1988     Selimović, Ešref. Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda (Truths and Legends about Duvno from the Turkish Period). Duvno: Duvno Days of Culture, SIZ kulture Duvno.

1995     Begić, Hamid. Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH (Sehara – Contributions to the History of the Culture and Literature of South-Western BiH), first ed., Munich: 1995.

1998     Mujezinović, Mehmed. Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine (Islamic epigraphics of Bosnia and Herzegovina), bk. I. Sarajevo: Sarajevo-Publishing, 1998

2000     Mueller, Werner, Vogel, Gunther. Atlas arhitekture (Atlas of Architecture), vol. 1. Zagreb: 2000.

2008     Numanagić, Hazim. Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad

(1) Ešref Selimović, Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda, Duvno: Duvno Culture Days, Duvno Cultural Association, November 1988, 16

(2) It has been suggested that Croat's King Tomislav was crowned on the Duvno polje in 925. Ešref Selimović, Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda, Duvno: Duvno Days of Culture, SIZ kulture Duvno, November 1988, 16.

(3) It is not entirely clear what happened to the towns of Glamoč, Livno and Duvno. The Turks could have visited Livno only after 1466, when it is referred to as in the hands of Vladislav, eldest son of Herceg Stjepan. In 1469 the Turks held the fort of Hum in the Livno nahija (minor administrative area), but they took Livno itself only at some point prior to 1485, when it is recorded as in their hands. Hazim Šabanović, Bosanski pašaluk, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1982, 42. It is not known exactly when the Turks conquered Duvno, but it was probably between 1466 and 1485.

(4) Ešref Selimović, Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda, Duvno: Duvno Culture Days, Duvno Cultural Association, November 1988, 18.

(5) Mujezinović Mehmed, Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine, bk. III, Sarajevo: Sarajevo Publishing, 1998, 127.

(6) In the petition submitted by the Centre for Islamic Architecture of Sarajevo the year the mosque was built is given as 1566, but no evidence is provided in support of this claim.

(7) For this reason, the Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque also features in reference works under the name of the Džudža Džafer-beg mosque. Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 209.  

(8) Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 209.  

(9) Džafer-beg Kopčić was Mijat's patron, and Mijat was killed in 1642. It is possible that the person in question was Džafer-baba, who was governor of Herzegovina from May 1541 to June 1542, but there are also various alternative suggestions - Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 209.  

(10) The fort was also known as the New Fort, and was built in 1723, during the Ottoman period. It was abandoned in 1878, just after the establishment of Austro-Hungarian rule, and was completely demolished immediately after World War II, in 1945.

(11) Ešref Selimović, Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda, Duvno: Duvno Days of Culture, SIZ kulture Duvno, November 1988, 16. 

(12) Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 209.  

(13) The same project provided for certain works to the interior, but this stage of the project was not carried out.

(14) The height of the apex of the dome is not known, but was probably about 15.80 m.

(15) Mujezinović Mehmed, Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine, bk. III, Sarajevo: Sarajevo Publishing, Sarajevo, 1998, 127.

(16) The addition of an extension was justified by the specific climatic conditions, with very low winter temperatures – project explanation, p. 1, Working project, Hasan Dizdarević, Mostar, January 1998. 

(17) The previous extension, built in 1977 and demolished in 1997, was a metre shorter, at 5.40 m.

(18) The extension consists of a basement, ground floor and first floor

(19) The wooden frame of the frosted glass is finished with applications made to the model of the entrance door to the original part of the mosque.

(20) Hasan Dizdarević's working project (Mostar, January 1998) provided for a first-floor corridor between the original part of the mosque and the other rooms, leading into the office, library and mekteb. During execution the plan was altered, and the library was turned into an office with archive and library; the corridor and office initially envisaged were not built, but were added to the mekteb. As explained by members of the Tomislavgrad Islamic Community Medžlis (council), this was done not only to increase the size of the mekteb, but also to create a larger room leading to the mahfil of the mosque. This provides extra space for worshippers at prayer time.

(21) Hasan Dizdarević's working project (Mostar, January 1998) provided for only the abdesthana and toilets to be at this level, with the other rooms set 2.30 m below ground level.

(22)  The mahfil runs along the north-west, south-east and south-west walls.

(23) With the exception of the south end of the mahfil, which is narrower to allow for the mimber, and is only 105 cm wide at this point.

(24) Following the damage caused by planting an explosive device on the first floor of the extension in 1997, near the minaret, this entrance was walled up to a height of about 150 cm, a decision prompted by fear of another terrorist act to prevent another bomb being planted inside the minaret. The first bomb was probably intended to destroy the minaret, but the complex layout of the first-floor rooms and the absence of a ground-floor entrance to the minaret must have confused the perpetrators of this act of vandalism. During the decade that has elapsed since access to the minaret has been blocked, birds entering the minaret through the ventilation openings have left piles of twigs which have partly blocked the spiral staircase.

(25) The mahfil leads into the first floor of the extension through a door to the north-west

(26) The significance of this cupboard is that during the 1970s, when works were carried out on the interior, the contractors evidently overlooked it, as a result of which its walls still bear the decoration of the mosque that predates the 1970s works. This means that the decoration in the cupboard is the only surviving evidence of the decoration of the mosque prior to 1973.

(27) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(28) On the inner sides of the frame are two symmetrically-placed vertical neon strip lights 120 cm in height.

(29) The rectangular frame measures 120 x 40 cm.

(30) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(31) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(32) Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 210.   

(33) The entrance to the mimber is inscribed with the words of the shahada:

There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God, Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(34) This balustrade consists of a solid wooden panel richly decorated in colour with floral and other motifs.

(35) The horizontal wooden canopy measures 80 x 80 cm, with a wooden prism measuring 40 x 40 x 50 cm itself covered by a canopy in the form of a four-sided pyramid 90 cm in height.

(36) The east triangular side panel is richly decorated in colour and also bears a painted wooden medallion with a diameter of 65 cm.

(37) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(38) Trompes or squinches are arches spanning the angle of two walls meeting; arched niches above the corners of a square base. - Werner Mueller, Gunther Vogel, Atlas arhitekture, bk. 1, Zagreb: 2000, 48, 49.

(39) In 1973 the interior of the mosque was repainted. The rather unskilled craftsman covered the walls with stencilled ornamentation and naive calligraphy – Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(40) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(41) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(42) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(43) This is the height following the increase in height in 1988; it is not known how high the original minaret was.

(44) The ayat was chosen by Prof. Dr. Ćazim Hadžimejlić, information from the Medžlis of the Tomislavgrad Islamic community.

(45) The original north-west wall following the 1998 works (as measured by the entrance door) is 130 cm, where there is also a newly-built 50 cm-thick section parallel to and abutting onto the original north-west wall. An analysis of a photograph taken in 1997 following the demolition of the extension reveals, on the original north-west wall, the projecting stones of a pointed arch. It is very likely that the 1998 works covered these stones, which would thus now be partly in the old wall and partly in the new, which could explain the unusual thickness of the wall at this point. Above, at first-floor level, where a doorway was pierced through the original wall between the mahfil and the mekteb in the extension, two rounded cavities with a diameter of 10 cm were discovered, which might possibly extend around the entire circumference of the building.

(46) In the latter half of the 20th century deciduous trees were planted in the courtyard. In the early 1960s Ibrahim Kapetanović planted twenty robinias (false acacias), which were cut down in 2002, when the mosque's harem and courtyard were refurbished. The tree roots were posing a threat to the foundations of the mosque, and the foliage was completely overshadowing the building.

(47) Qur’an, 21:30. Trans.

(48) In addition, there are a number of nišans to the south-east, which were transferred from the Spahi's harem in the 1960s.

(49) One grave without epitaph, beside the minaret, decorated with a finely-carved vase of flowers and cypresses, is said by folk tradition to mark the final resting place of the benefactor Džudža Džafer. - Mujezinović Mehmed, Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine, bk. III, Sarajevo: Sarajevo Publishing, 1998, 127.

(50) Many of the graves were damaged by the explosion in 1997, including the one believed to be that of Džudža Džafer. The sarcophagus no longer exists, and the damaged grave has been relocated to the southern end of the harem and is now 4.75 m from the south-west façade of the mosque. All that survives of the original grave is the stone turban with a diameter of 38 cm and a height of 44 cm, which has been mounted on a square stone plinth with sides of 19 x 19 cm, giving it an overall height of 130 cm. The grave, measuring 218 x 90 cm, on which this turban is mounted, is surrounded by stone cut in the early 21st century.

(51) Hazim Numanagić, Report to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Čaršija (Džudža Džafer) mosque in Tomislavgrad, 23 July 2008.

(52)  Mujezinović Mehmed, Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine, bk. III, Sarajevo: Sarajevo Publishing, 1998, 129.

(53) Ešref Selimović, Istine i legende o Duvnu iz Turskog perioda, Duvno: Duvno Days of Culture, SIZ kulture Duvno, November 1988, 16. 

(54) Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 210.     

(55) Verbal account by Maho Šehić, chair of the Medžlis of the Islamic community, Tomislavgrad, Sarajevo 2008.

(56) Verbal account by Maho Šehić, chair of the Medžlis of the Islamic community, Tomislavgrad, Sarajevo 2008.

(57) Hamid Begić, Sehara – prilozi historiji kulture i književnosti jugozapadne BiH, Munich: first ed., 1995, 210.