Status of monument -> National monument
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 28 March to 1 April 2008 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house and manors in Mostaći, Municipality Trebinje is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument consists of the tower and house, courtyard, outbuilding and courtyard, and boundary walls.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 155 and 156 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. no. 1/140 (old survey), title deed no. 49, Land Register entry no. 21, cadastral municipality Mostaći, Trebinje Municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection and rehabilitation measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 9/02, 70/06 and 64/08) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for ensuring and providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the reconstruction, protection, conservation, restoration and presentation of the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with basic details of the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the property the following protection measures are hereby stipulated, which shall apply to the site defined in Clause I para. 3 of this Decision:
- all works on the National Monument are prohibited other than conservation-restoration works, reconstruction works, and works designed for the presentation of the monument, with the approval of the ministry responsible for regional planning in Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the relevant ministry) and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska (hereinafter: the heritage protection authority);
- all building and works that could endanger the National Monument are prohibited, as is the erection of temporary or permanent structures not solely intended for the protection and presentation of the National Monument;
- the National Monument may be used for its original purpose and may be used for educational and cultural purposes that are not detrimental to the National Monument or its natural surroundings;
- the National Monument may be open to the public in a manner to be determined by agreement between the heritage protection authority and the owner of the property;
- the entire complex shall be conserved and restored;
- the complex shall be used for appropriate purposes – residential or museum.
In order to restore the National Monument to its original condition, the following emergency protection measures are hereby stipulated:
- the site shall be cleared of self-sown vegetation;
- the tower and house shall be cleared of waste and the remains of the floor joists;
- the tower-house shall be surveyed and the beams that could be re-used in the reconstruction of the tower-house shall be conserved;
- a detailed architectural survey of the current condition of the entire complex shall be carried out;
- a structural analysis of the construction of the entire complex, and particularly of the house and tower, shall be conducted;
- based on the findings of the structural analysis, if it should prove necessary, the parts of the construction at risk of collapse shall be repaired and conserved as a matter of urgency.
The buffer zone consists of the Hadžiahmetović mahala, being c.p. nos. 147, 148/1, 148/2, 149/1, 149/2, 15, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, 178/1 and 178/5 (new survey). The following protection measures shall apply to this area:
- repairs, conservation and restoration works and the adaptation and presentation of existing buildings are permitted subject to the approval of the relevant ministry and under the expert supervisions of the heritage protection authority;
- the construction of new buildings and the extension of existing ones is prohibited if this could be detrimental to the National Monument in size, appearance or other manner.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts are hereby revoked to the extent that they are not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of Republika Srpska and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VI
The Government of Republika Srpska, the relevant ministry, the heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II – V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.kons.gov.ba)
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX
On the date of adoption of this Decision, the National Monument shall be deleted from the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02, Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 79/02, Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH no. 59/02, and Official Gazette of Brčko District BiH no. 4/03), where it featured under serial no. 715.
X
This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.
No.09-2-91/2008-6
30 March 2008
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Amra Hadžimuhamedović
E l u c i d a t i on
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a decision to add the Hadžiahmetović tower-house in Mostaći in Trebinje to the Provisional List of National Monuments of BiH under serial no. 715.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and ownership of the property (title deed, Land Register entry and copy of cadastral plan).
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house with manors in Mostaći near Trebinje is on the north side of and very close to the Stolac to Trebinje road, on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 155 and 156 (new survey), corresponding to c.p. no. 1/140 (old survey), title deed no. 49, Land Register entry no. 21, cadastral municipality Mostaći, Trebinje Municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Access to the National Monument is from the north-west (the entrance to the principal courtyard).
The property lies with its long access running south-east/north-west, with the main façade facing south-east.
Historical information
Mostać family, after whom the present-day village probably acquired its name, is referred to in the village of Zasad near Trebinje in Dubrovnik sources in 1413(1). In 1623 the Orthodox church in Mostaći, dedicated to St Clement, was painted by one master Vasilije through the patronage of Radoje Mihaljević. Since St Clement's Church was renovated or rebuilt in the early 17th century, its origins, like that of St Petka's Church, the village's other Orthodox church, can no doubt be traced to earlier centuries. These facts attest to the size and importance of Mostaći during the Middle Ages and the early years of Ottoman rule.
In his will, composed in Dubrovnik in 1707, one Hatji Jovo Dučić Vitković left 13 ducats for 13 Serb houses in Mostaći, together with numerous legacies to monasteries throughout Serb-inhabited regions(2).
The village of Mostaći is located by the Stolac-Ljubinje-Trebinje road. According to Hivzija Hasandedić, the Muslim Cvijetić, Fetagić, Hadžiahmetović, Hadžismajlović, Resulović, Salihović, Šabanagić and Više families lived in the village; their forebears had come there in the first half of the 17th century from Herzeg-Novi, Risan and other places on the Montenegro coast (Hasandedić, Muslimanska baština u istočnoj Hercegovini, 270).
Again according to Hivzija Hasandedić, during the Ottoman period several tower-houses of a combined residential and defensive character were built in Trebinje and its immediate environs. They were built alongside major roads and at crossroads, originally to increase the security of Trebinje and improve its defences, but also as the residences of agas and beys (military officers or grandees and the nobility). In 1687 and 1699 the Venetians seized and burned down several tower-houses and houses in and around Trebinje (Hasandedić, Muslimanska baština u istočnoj Hercegovini, 245)
According to Hamdija Kreševljaković, mediaeval feudal lords resided in fortified manors resembling forts, but this ceased after the Turkish occupation of Bosnia. The Turkish army converted the forts into walled towns and installed their own garrisons there. Turkish feudal lords (spahis) built stone tower-houses of several storeys on their estates, where they lived and from which they could defend themselves in times of need. Since these tower-houses offered only restricted living space, manor houses known as odžaks or konaks were built alongside the tower-houses. The tower-houses invariably had several storeys, but the manor houses only two. The tower-houses were usually square in plan, and the manor houses always rectangular. The tower-houses were built of stone, and the manors of stone, unbaked brick and timber.
The tower-houses were also known as summer residences, built around the larger towns, where the wealthier inhabitants spent their summers.
At one time there were more than three hundred tower-houses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. “I do not know exactly when tower-houses were first built. All that is certain is that they existed in Bosnia in the 17th century, and that they were still being built in the early 19th century. I know for sure that one was in existence in the late 16th century.”(3)
The demolition of tower-houses began in the first war between Charles VI and the Turks in the early 18th century. In the early 19th century there were still more than two hundred in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but by the late 20th century there were only about 150, of which only twenty or so were in relatively good condition(4).
In his list of tower-houses, naming 146 of them in 115 places, Hamdija Kreševljaković refers neither to the Hadžiahmetović tower-house with manors in Mostaći nor to any other tower-house in or near Trebinje.
In his scholarly research paper, Salih Rajković states that the first tower-houses were built in the frontier regions of the Dalmatian border and Dubrovnik, where there was a constant threat to Turkish territory, in what is now the municipalities of Ljubuški, Grude, Čapljina and Trebinje. Research has confirmed that tower-houses are at their most numerous, and architecturally at their finest, in this area. Many tower-houses were also built in Herzegovina when the Turkish army was withdrawing from the Pannonian plain in the 17th century. By 1878 there were more than two hundred tower-houses in Herzegovina. During his research in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Rajković identified more than two hundred tower-houses in Herzegovina.
In Herzegovina, Trebinje stands out for its number of tower-houses, more than forty of them, which Rajković regards as the finest examples of tower-houses in Herzegovina, architecturally speaking. The Hadžiahmetović tower-house in Mostaći is identified in Rajković's list of tower-houses, with another two in neighbouring Gomiljani (Salih Rajković, Kule i odžaci u Hercegovini – stambeno fortifikacioni objekti, 3, 4, 5, 20).
There is no historical information on the Hadžiahmetović tower-house itself.
Given the time when tower-houses were being built in Herzegovina, and the appearance of the arches of the property, it may be assumed that the architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house was built in the latter half of the 18th century.
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house is now in relatively poor condition.
The ensemble is now owned by the Majlis of the Islamic Community of Trebinje. Following the death of the last member of the Hadžiahmetović family to live there, the property is currently vacant. Members of the Majlis have restored the roof structure of the tower-house and laid new roof cladding.
2. Description of the property
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house with manors in Mostaći near Trebinje is one of the relatively well-preserved examples of residential-cum-defensive architecture of the Ottoman period in Trebinje.
The architectural ensemble is located in the Hadžiahmetović mahala, surrounded by plots and properties originally belonging to the Hadžiahmetović family.
The entire mahala is surrounded by a wall of hewn stone set in lime mortar, about 2 metres in height. Within the mahala, each with its own courtyard, are five houses with their own outbuildings. Each courtyard has its own entrance. All the buildings, some of which are single-storey and others two-storey, are of ashlar stone set in lime mortar, and have gabled roofs, originally clad with stone slates. The windows were relatively small.
The mahala as a whole constitutes a fortified residential structure outside town.
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house with manors accords perfectly with the appearance of the eponymous “inward-looking” fortified residential mahala and constitutes its principal vertical accent.
The architectural ensemble consists of the tower with house and courtyard, and an outbuilding in its own yard.
The two basic materials used to build the complex were stone and wood.
The oriel part of the house has a hipped roof, and the rest of the house and the tower-house, as well as the outbuilding, have gabled roofs, clad with tiles in each case(5).
The entire architectural ensemble is surrounded by a high wall made of undressed stone left exposed on both sides (facing the street and facing the courtyards).
Within the boundary walls are a courtyard and a yard with an outbuilding, which forms the connection between the two.
The entrance to both courtyards is from the north-west, from the street. The entrance portals are identical, both made of evenly cut stone with a segmental arch set back about 5 cm from the wall face. The entrance portals are 2.05 m wide, with double-valved wooden doors.
The portal of the yard with the outbuilding leads into a garden with an area of approx. 220 sq.m. The long axis of this courtyard lies north-west/south-east.
The outbuilding is in the north-eastern part of the garden. Measuring approx. 12 x 6 m, it is a two-storey building with a gabled roof, built of stone, with whitewashed façades.
The entrance to the outbuilding from the garden is rectangular, and surrounded by evenly cut stone blocks. There are two entrance to the outbuilding from the yard. The one in the south-eastern part is arched, with jambs of evenly-cut stone blocks. The entrance in the middle of the building is rectangular, also with jambs of evenly-cut stone blocks. Wooden beams rather than stone serve as lintels.
The outbuilding is divided by partition walls into several areas.
The portal of the courtyard section of the wall leads into a courtyard paved with flagstones(6). The long axis of the courtyard, which has an area of approx. 175 sq.m., lies with its long axis north-west/south-east. The outbuilding forms the south-western end of the courtyard and the house with tower the north-eastern end. To the south-east it is defined by a stone retaining wall about 2 m in height.
House with tower
The house with tower was built as a single structure, clearly reflecting the changes that have taken place during the history of its use. The volume of the complex is in three sections, the jutty of the house known as the ćošak, the house and the tower. All three volumes, though forming a coherent whole, have their own features.
Evenly-cut and hewn stone, stone blocks and timber were used to build the house(7).
Hewn stone blocks were used to build the walls of the house, which are whitewashed. The walls of the tower, the quoins of the house and the ground-floor arches are of evenly-cut stone, as are the vaulted ceilings of the storerooms on the ground floor of the house. The pillars and capitals of the ground floor were made of single blocks of stone. The floor of the ground floor and of the entrance area to the house consist of flagstones.
Timber was used for the floor joists and roof trusses, the doors and windows. The floor joists consist of wooden beams over which the wooden floors of the upper storeys are laid. The walls of the upper storeys consist of plaster over wooden boards.
Some of the woodwork – the doors, dolafs (wall cupboards), cupboards and chests – are fine examples of wood carving.
The house, which is rectangular in plan, has two storeys. The ground floor contains storerooms and such like and the first floor the residential quarters.
The house consists of a main volume in the form of a square from which the cuboid first-floor ćošak (jutty) stands out to the north-west. The ćošak is supported by wooden struts.
The main volume of the house has a gabled roof, and the ćošak a hipped roof. Both are clad with tiles.
On account of its position on the site, the whole of the house except for the ćošak faces south-west, onto the courtyard.
Arched openings of evenly cut stone stand out on the façade of the house, later walled up with stone blocks on the first floor. The walled-up sections are whitewashed. The first-floor arches are left exposed, and project out from the wall face.
The façade of the house has three wooden window frames on the first floor. The window of the first-floor hajat, which is 2.10 m wide, exactly echoes in shape the arched opening around it. The windows of the first-floor rooms, measuring approx. 75 x 110 cm, are rectangular. All the windows are fitted with bars.
The ćošak of the house faces three ways. The rectangular wooden windows, measuring approx. 75 x 100 cm, are fitted with bars on the outside. The windows open sash-style, with a movable lower sash lifted over the upper.
The ground floor of the building, facing the courtyard, consists of a hajat and storerooms(8).
The hajat, which is rectangular in plan and measures approx. 14.00 x 2.85 m, is almost entirely open on the courtyard side. Regular round arches approx. 1.82 m wide rest via simply moulded capitals on stone pillars with no base. The close-set beams on the ceiling of the hajat are left exposed. Inside the hajat are two transverse round arches where the layout of the first floor alters (the entrance wall, and the wall between the ćošak and the rest of the house).
The hajat, which has a flagstone floor, leads into the storerooms and larder. There are two storerooms on the ground floor. The first, which is larger, is below the residential quarters on the first floor, and the other, in the south-eastern part of the house, is below the first-floor hajat and entrance platform.
The store rooms are rectangular in plan, with barrel-vaulted ceilings.
The entrance to the first storeroom is rectangular with a surround of stone blocks, and a single-valved wooden door. Traces of rectangular windows, later walled up, can be seen on the entrance wall.
The entrance to the second storeroom is arched, with a surround of stone blocks, and a single-valved wooden door. It has no windows. There is a rectangular niche in the south-east wall, by the door.
Stone steps in the south-eastern part of the courtyard lead to a platform leading in turn to the first floor. The platform, which is rectangular in plan, is surrounded by the tower to the north-east and the house to the north-west.
The entrance to the first floor is in the south-east façade of the house. Clearly visible traces on the façade indicate that it once occupied almost the full width of the entrance façade, that it was arched, and that it was probably entirely open(9). The entrance is now rectangular, with a simple single-valved wooden door.
The first floor of the house consists of a hajat, two smaller rooms and an oriel.
The hajat, which is irregular in plan, has an area of about 42 sq.m. and is paved with flagstones. The walls are plastered, over wooden boards laid horizontally. Traces of paint in various shades of blue can be seen on the walls. The wooden ceiling beams are left exposed.
Rectangular loophole (gunslit)-like openings can be seen in the north-east outside wall of the house, which is also the outside wall of the complex(10). The north-west wall of the hajat, by the larder, has two rectangular niches, one much larger than the other. There is a rectangular window in the north-western part of the hajat, by the ćošak. The south-west wall of the hajat has a pointed-arched niche.
In the north-eastern part of the hajat are the remains of a musandera, probably formerly in the ćošak. The front of the musandera consists of four panels top to bottom and three side to side, each decorated with geometric and floral decoration in relief. The musandera was painted light blue and brown at some later date.
The hajat leads into all the rooms in both the house and the tower.
In the south-western part of the hajat is the entrance to a small room and to the ćošak, while the entrance to another small room is in the north-eastern part.
The room to the north-east of the hajat is roughly rectangular in plan, measuring 4.15 x 2.30 m, and is separated from the hajat by a 17 cm wide partition wall. The entrance to the room is rectangular, with a single-valved door. The north-west wall of the room has one rectangular window opening and a fireplace, as suggested by the chimney on that façade.
The room to the south-west of the hajat is also roughly rectangular in plan, measuring 4.00 x 2.80 m, and is separated from the hajat by a 19 cm wide partition wall and a 65 cm thick bearing wall. The entrance to the room is rectangular with a single-valved door. The south-west wall of the room has two arched openings, later walled up. The wall of which the arched has been walled up is approx. 20 cm thick. Rectangular window openings are set in the middle of the arched openings. The north-east wall of the room has a rectangular dolaf (wall cupboard) with a depth of 28 cm, and the north-west wall has a chimney(11). The room is painted yellow, and the roof structure is covered with linoleum.
The ćošak is the most representative room in the house. It is one step higher than the rest of the house, and is entered through a rectangular wooden door measuring 1.55 x 0.80m, which is decorated with geometric and floral decoration. The geometric decoration consists of rhombs and, like the floral decoration in the middle, is in relief. There is a wrought-iron door knocker in the middle. The door is painted blue-green, light blue and brown. It has no decoration on the inside.
The ćošak is rectangular in plan, measuring approx. 4.20 x 5.45 m, and projects out from the façades of the house by 145 cm to the south-west and 125 to the north-west. The western ćošak area rests on the courtyard wall of the architectural ensemble.
The ceiling in the entrance area of the room is lower than in the main area.
There are three windows in the south-west wall, three in the north-west wall and one in the north-east wall, with a view onto the courtyard and the approach road.
The north-east wall of the ćošak has a dolaf, niche and fireplace. The dolaf is rectangular, with moulded door. The niche terminates in a pointed arch. The original fireplace has been replaced by a new brick fireplace(12). The ceiling joists are covered with wooden boards.
The ćošak contains two chests, the door to a musandera that is not in the room and a levha.
Both chests are decorated with floral and geometric motifs. One chest, 1.27 m long and 42.5 cm high, is decorated with a running zigzag line and vases with sprays of evergreenery. The other, 1.35 m long and 47 cm high, is decorated with a running zigzag line and vases of flowers and leaves. The chests are painted dark green, with the decoration highlighted with dark yellow and red lines.
The door to a cupboard or musandera (built-in cupboard) is propped against the wall. The door measures 1.05 x 1.92 m and consists of two panels, top and bottom, decorated with geometric and floral decoration like that on the entrance door to the ćošak and the front of the cupboard in the hajat. It is painted brown and light blue.
There is a levha (calligraphic decoration) on the wall measuring 44 x 72 cm and decorated with flora motifs.
Tower-house(13)
A rectangular door in the south-east wall of the hajat leads into the tower-house.
The tower-house is rectangular in plan and has four storeys. It has a gabled roof, originally clad with stone slates. Damage and neglect resulted in the roof of the tower-house falling in a few years ago. To protect the building from further deterioration, the owner of the property had a new roof built, clad with tiles.
The walls of the tower-house are of evenly cut stone left exposed on the façades.
There are two rectangular windows on each storey in the south-east (courtyard) wall and one in the north-west wall(14). There are traces on the north-east façade of window openings subsequently walled up. There are loopholes and console-style projections on all four façades of the tower-house.
Nothing is known of the interior layout of the tower-house, which is now totally derelict; the joists and floors have collapsed into the ground floor.
3. Legal status to date
According to a letter from the Institute for the Protection of Monuments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sport ref. 07-40-4-1284-1-1/06 of 18 April 2006, the architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house was not protected as a cultural historical property.
4. Research and conservation and restoration works
There is no information concerning any research or conservation and restoration works on the property. Nonetheless, traces of interventions at various periods can be seen on the property.
During earlier interventions, the date of which cannot be determined, the arched openings on the courtyard façade of the property were walled up. Changes can also be seen (walling up parts of openings or windows) on the entrance façade of the building, the ground floor of the courtyard façade and the tower-house.
More recent interventions can be seen on the part of the property that juts out over the street. These were probably carried out in the 1980s. During a conversation with Mr. Ćiril Rajić, photographer of the Mostar City Institute for the Protection of Monuments, it was learned that the works were carried out by employees of the Institute. Reinforced concrete horizontal and vertical ring beams were installed to brace and reinforce this part of the building. The vertical beams are concealed by wooden beams. In this part of the building, too, a reinforced concrete slab was laid instead of the wooden floor joists.
5. Current condition of the property
The architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house was left vacant after the death of the last owner from the Hadžiahmetović family, Munira Hadžiahmetović. Lack of maintenance in recent decades has resulted in the roof structure of the tower-house collapsing, and long exposure to the elements has resulted in the floor joists of the tower-house collapsing.
In order to make the building watertight and prevent direct exposure to the elements, as well as to prevent any danger to its neighbours, the new owner of the property, the Majlis of the Islamic Community of Trebinje, made a new roof frame clad with tiles instead of stone slabs. To the same end, all the window openings have been boarded up.
During an on site visit in February 2008 it was not possible to enter the tower-house since all the timbers and so on from the floors above are on the ground floor of the tower-house, which is closed for safety reasons.
The architectural ensemble is currently in a relatively derelict condition, with no defined use, and lacking the funds needed to restore and maintain it.
6. Specific risks
Collapse of the construction as a result of lack of regular maintenance and funds for its restoration.
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C.iii. proportions
C.iv. composition
C.v. value of details
D. Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)
D.iv. evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner
D.v. evidence of a typical way of life at a specific period
F. Townscape/ Landscape value
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
G. Authenticity
G.v. location and setting
I. Completeness
I.iii. completeness
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Copy of cadastral plan no. 6/17-32-8 and Land Register entry no. 21;
- Photodocumentation (photographs of the condition of the property at the time of adoption of a final decision on the property by the Commission, February 2008);
- Drawings (drawing of the property made during an on-site visit in February 2008).
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the architectural ensemble of the Hadžiahmetović tower-house with manors in Mostaći near Trebinje as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1954 Kreševljaković, Hamdija. “Kule i odžaci u Bosni i Hercegovini” (Tower-houses and Manors in BiH), Naše starine, II, Journal of the National Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments and Natural Rarities of NR Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: 1954, 71-86
1971 Korać, Vojislav J. Trebinje - istorijski pregled, tom II period od dolaska Turaka do 1878. godine (Trebinje – historical overview: vol. II, from the arrival of the Turks to 1878). Sarajevo: IKP Svjetlost, 1971
1982 Rajković, Salih. Kule i odžaci u Hercegovini - stambeno-fortifikacioni objekti (tower-houses and manors in Herzegovina: fortified residences), academic research paper. Sarajevo: 1982
1988 Tošić, Đ. Trebinjska oblast u srednjem vijeku (The Trebinje region in mediaeval times). Belgrade: 1998, 41; Lam. de For. III fol. 100, 14. X 1413
1990 Hasandedić, Hivzija. Muslimanska baština u istočnoj Hercegovini (Muslim heritage in eastern Herzegovina). Sarajevo: El-Kalem, 1990
(1) Tošić, Đ., Trebinjska oblast u srednjem vijeku, Beograd: 1998, 41; Lam. de For. III fol. 100, 14. X 1413
(2) Korać, Vojislav J., Trebinje - istorijski pregled; tom II period od dolaska Turaka do 1878. godine, Sarajevo: IKP Svjetlost, 1971, 377-379
(3) Kreševljaković, Hamdija, “Kule i odžaci u Bosni i Hercegovini,” Naše starine II, 1954, 73.
(4) Ibid, 73.
(5) Originally, as was the custom in Herzegovina, the roofs were clad with stone slabs. The tower was certainly clad with stone slabs, since the tiles were laid during the recent repairs to the roof by the owner of the property.
(6) The courtyard is now overgrown with grass and the stone flags can be seen only in places.
(7) Reinforced concrete was used during works probably carried out in the 1970s or 1980s.
(8) The ground floor consists of rooms that were never intended for residential use, as suggested by the height of the rooms and the very few windows.
(9) The conclusion that the hajat was open is based on the visible traces of arches on the entrance and courtyard façades of the house and on the stone paved floor, unlike the wooden floors in the rest of the house.
(10) It was not possible to survey the north-east wall because of the articles of furniture stacked against it. It may be deduced from the traces on the outer façade of the wall that the hajat formerly had rectangular windows that were later walled up. The loophole openings are visible on the outer façade.
(11) On the outside the chimney is made of brick, unlike the other chimneys in the building which are of stone with a conical cap.
(12) The chimney over the fireplace is unchanged.
(13) It was not possible to enter the tower since the roof structure and floor joists have collapsed.
(14) The window openings have recently been boarded up to reduce the effects of the elements on the tower.
|
