Status of monument -> National monument
Published in the „Official Gazette of BiH“ no. 3/08.
Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 11 to 17 September 2007 the Commission adopted a
D E C I S I O N
I
The historic building of the Provincial Vakuf (Rijaset of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vakuf Directorate) and the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf in Sarajevo is hereby designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 41 (old survey), corresponding to c.p. no. 161/1 (new survey), Land Register entry no. XLIX/19, and c.p. no. 47 (old survey), coresponding to c.p. no. 1616/2 (new survey, Land Register no. XLIX/20, cadastral municipality Sarajevo, Centre Municipality, Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The provisions relating to protection measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the Federation of BiH nos. 2/02, 27/02, 6/04 and 51/07) shall apply to the National Monument.
II
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Government of the Federation) shall be responsible for ensuring and providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary to protect, conserve, and display the National Monument.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with the basic data on the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.
III
To ensure the on-going protection of the National Monument, the following protection measures are hereby stipulated, which shall apply to the area defined in Clause 1 para. 2 of this Decision.
- all works are prohibited other than conservation and restoration works, routine maintenance works, and works designed to display the monument, with the approval of the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning and under the expert supervision of the heritage protection authority of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
- prior to the start of conservation and restoration works on the property it shall be surveyed in detail (architectural and other surveys), and investigative works shall be carried out, including an analysis of the building material and the type and colour of the paint on the exterior façades,
- the conservation and restoration project must be based on a methodological approach designed to preserve the historical values of the property,
- the original appearance of the property shall be maintained as regards the treatment of architectural details, the colour of the walls, the treatment of the façades, the structure of the property and the pitch of the roof and type of roof cladding,
- no alterations to the stylistic features of the property by the removal or addition of individual decorative elements and architectural details (stone and other mouldings or carvings, string courses etc.) shall be permitted,
- during the conservation and restoration works, original materials and methods shall be used, with original treatment of the materials and binders wherever possible,
- damage to the interior shall be made good, and its authentic appearance must be preserved,
- repairs to the outside walls facing the inner courtyard shall be carried out to prevent the penetration of atmospheric and capillary damp,
- dilapidated or damaged elements of the roof structure shall be replaced,
- dilapidated guttering and downpipes shall be replaced.
IV
All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are hereby revoked.
V
Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canton, and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument or jeopardize the preservation thereof.
VI
The Government of the Federation, the Federal Ministry responsible for regional planning, the Federation heritage protection authority, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II to V of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.
VII
The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.aneks8komisija.com.ba)
VIII
Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.
IX.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH.
This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović, Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.
No: 022-132/07-8
12 September 2007
Sarajevo
Chair of the Commission
Dubravko Lovrenović
E l u c i d a t i o n
I – INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a Decision to add the building of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate (the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf) in Sarajevo to the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the Urban Townscape of Sarajevo, numbered as 546.
Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V para. 4 of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION
In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:
- Documentation on the location and current owner and user of the property (copy of cadastral plan and copy of land register entry)
- Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration or other works on the property, etc.
- Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.
The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the property are as follows:
1. Details of the property
Location
The building is on the corner of Džemaludin Čaušević and Mis Irbina (Miss Irby) streets, close to the Presidency of BiH and the Sarajevo Canton building, formerly the City Assembly hall.
The building faces two park areas, one between Džemaludin Čaušević and Hamzo Humo streets(1), and the other between Mis Irbina street and the Presidency of BiH.
To the south of the building, in Džemaludin Čaušević street, is the Trades Union Centre building, dating from the 1950s, while to the east, in Mis Irbina street, is the historicist building of the Apolo cinema.
The National Monument is located on a site designated as cadastral plot nos. 41 (old survey), corresponding to c.p. no. 161/1 (new survey), Land Register entry no. XLIX/19, and c.p. no. 47 (old survey), coresponding to c.p. no. 1616/2 (new survey, Land Register no. XLIX/20, cadastral municipality Sarajevo, Centre Municipality, Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical information
The establishment of Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina led to major economic, social and cultural changes in Sarajevo. As part of these cultural changes, the architecture and town planning of Sarajevo was radically altered.
Until 1878 the city had evolved in line with the rules of a typical oriental city; now its appearance and urban fabric changed to develop under the direct influence of Europe. The traditional urban matrix, with the Čaršija as the focal point of public life, surrounded by the residential quarters known as mahalas, was now followed by a new European architectural and town planning concept that was intended to interrelate with the existing urban context.
The Austro-Hungarians came to BiH just three decades after the 1848 revolution(2), and expanded the town westwards, downstream on the banks of the Miljacka and into and along the Sarajevo plain(3). The new authorities rapidly established planning laws and regulations as the basis for the development of a modern European city(4).
The construction of the Provincial Vakuf building (Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate) and the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf in Sarajevo began in 1910, a year after the new regulations were proposed. As such, the building can be regarded as the final stage in the development of Austro-Hungarian architecture in Sarajevo, where the Bosnian style is to be seen as a distinct architectural expression.
The building works were conducted in two stages:
The north wing, i.e. the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf itself, was built as a separate entity from the south wing, housing the Provincial vakuf (Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate).
The south wing was completed in 1912. The 1893 regulations provided for the construction of properties with a ground floor and no more than two upper storeys. Builders used to get round this regulation by respecting the height of the cornice facing the street, but adding a further storey facing an inner courtyard. This was also the case with the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate building (the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf), which has an extra storey facing the inner courtyard, where there is now a small housing unit. The original 1910 design for the south wing called it the Provincial Vakuf in Musala street.
Most authorities consider that the designer of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf, the south wing consisting of the building on the corner of Džemaludin Čaušević and Mis Irbina streets, was Josip Pospišil, though some say it was the architect Josip Vancaš. It has been established, however, that Josip Vancaš was merely the managing director of the joint stock company of Bosnia and Herzegovina at that time, and that it was Josip Pospišil(5), the company's chief architect, who actually designed the building of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf(6).
Any further doubts as to the designer were banished when a published text by Josip Pospišil was found in the Vienna professional periodical Der Bautechniker. The article was entitled "On Bosnian Practice," and was published on 5 January 1912. In it Pospišil published his blueprints and comments on the design and construction of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf. By then Josip Pospišil had already developed his own recognizable architectural vocabulary, so that even without the discovery of this article it was possible to identify the designer of the building.
There is some controversy over the title, too. Judging from an article published in the 1933/34 issue of Novi Behar, Gazi Ali pasha was confused with Hadim Ali pasha, who was a governor of Egypt and died in Cairo in 1560. According to this source, Gazi Ali pasha was the Bosnian sandžakbeg in the mid 16th century, and has no connection with Hadim Ali pasha(7).The title Hadim Ali pasha is probably incorrect, therefore, but has become entrenched, so that to insist it be rectified at this point in time would be equivalent to a reinterpretation, since this altered name has already become part of the history of the property.
One may reasonably debate the level of the artistic achievements of various stages in the development of architecture in the Austro-Hungarian period, but there can be absolutely no doubt about their considerable documentary and historical value. This is particularly true of the final period, associated with the emergence of the Bosnian style, which has marked documentary, historical and artistic features.
The building of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate (the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf) is an almost pure creation of this architecture, with very little admixture of other architectural expressions(8).
2. Description of the property
The building of the Provincial Vakuf (Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate) and the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf in Sarajevo is a unique property. A firewall running east-west divides the building into two wings, of which the Provincial Vakuf (Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate) is the south wing and the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf the north wing.
The property is a corner building at the intersection of Džemaludin Čaušević and Mis Irbina streets. The solution to this classic architectural theme is extremely successful in the technical, form and compositional sense, so much so that one can fairly say it has its own distinct architectural vocabulary. The building has three storeys facing Dž. Čaušević street and four on the side facing onto the inner courtyard.
In terms of layout, the ground floor is reserved for public and commercial purposes, so that the ground floor of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf houses a pharmacy and its offices along with other business premises.
The first and second floors of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf each contain two residential units with all the features of luxury housing of that time. The flats to the north are approx. 160 m2 in area, and those to the south approx. 120 m2. From the outset they were fitted with bathrooms and separate kitchens and larders, apart from the drawing room and bedrooms. The two units to the north also have inset terraces, and the layout of the rooms is typical of that period, leading from room to room. The two corner units face north and west, but also east, through the narrow inner courtyard.
Two other units, facing only onto Džemaludin Čaušević street, face west and, through the narrow inner courtyard, east.
The top storey contains another small flat facing east only, high over the inner courtyard. The remainder of the top storey is attic space only, part of which was used in the second half of the 20th century as a laundry and drying room.
The south block is a separate entity with the same number of storeys as the north wing. This block is used solely by the owner, apart from small business premises housing lawyers' chambers.
The south block consists of a ground floor housing the porter's lodge and business premises associated with the Rijaset of the Islamic Community in BiH and Vakuf Directorate. There are offices and other business premises on the first and second floors too, while the top storey, facing the inner east courtyard, is also in use. Both the south and the north wings have their own basement premises.
Geometrically speaking, the property has an irregular L-shaped polygonal footprint, with an overall length of 40.00 m as seen from Džemaludin Čaušević street and a width of 10.50 m, not counting the stairwell that projects into the inner east courtyard; the facade facing Mis Irbina street, however, is set at an angle, and is somewhat longer than the width of the building, at 13.00 m.
The smaller south block is trapezoid in shape, and is 13.00 m long, facing Džemaludin Čaušević street. The width of this part is still 10.50 m, but the south facing gable wall, also set at an angle, is again 13.00 m long.
The larger polygonal north block, seen from Džemaludin Čaušević, is 24.00 in overall length. The ground floor section, separated into the stairwell with business premises 13.00 m long, and the business section at the corner of Džemaludin Čaušević and Mis Irbina streets (where the pharmacy is located), which is 14.00 m long. The width remains the same, but the facade facing Mis Irbina street, set at an angle, is again 13.00 m in length.
The geometry of the first and second floors is almost identical, except that there is a 4.00 m long semicircular projection at the west end of the north facade, facing Mis Irbina street.
The first and second floors of the east end of the same facade have inset balconies 4.00 m long and 1.00 m wide.
The attic storey is set back facing the east courtyard premises, and is 30.5 m in length and 5.10 m in width overall, with another two small rooms, 4.60 m long and 1.80 m wide, facing west.
Looking from the south gable wall, the entire attic area of the south block is usable, but only the first 13.00 m of the north block is usable, ending at the stairwell, with to the north another room, 4.50 m in length, which was used as a laundry/drying room. The remainder of this storey is merely attic space.
The height of the building, including the roof eaves facing Džemaludin Čaušević and Mis Irbina streets, is 10.55 m, while the overall height facing the inner courtyard, where there is an additional attic storey, is 14.70 m.
The ceilings on the ground floor are 3.45 m high, on the first floor 3.35 m, on the second floor 2.95 m, and on the topmost (attic) storey facing the inner courtyard, 2.75 m.
As regards the materials used in the property, it is solidly built with massive brick walls. Stone was used as well as brick for structural purposes, and stone was also used to clad the entire ground floor. The strong foundations consist of stone drystone footings, the method then used to avoid having to introduce expensive damp proofing and still prevent rising damp(9). The ceiling joists consist of good quality timber beams. The structure between the storeys is 0.40 m thick in all. The facades are rendered with lime cement mortar.
The windows, doors and inset north-facing balconies are of wood. The exterior windows are double twin-casement windows with lunettes. As regards the dimensions of the woodwork, the rectangular, round-arched windows on the ground floor facing Dž. Čaušević street measure 110 cm x 220 cm, while the simple rectangular windows on the same side of the building measure 108 cm x 202 cm. The entrance portal, also round arched, in the south wing facing the same street measures 157 x 304 cm. The rectangular first-floor windows measure 110 cm x 210 cm, and the rectangular second-floor windows measure 108 cm x 170 cm, while the double twin-casement windows on the same storey each measure 90 cm x 170 cm. The five tall rectangular windows on the semicircular projection at first- and second-floor level facing Mis Irbina street measure 58 cm x 170 cm. The stairwell windows, also twin-casement, facing the inner courtyard measure 160 cm x 190 cm.
The roof frame is also timber, clad with sheet copper, which has acquired the typical verdigris patina with age. The flashings, gutters and downpipes are of sheet metal. The stone interior staircase is cantilevered, and has a metal railing with a wooden handrail.
Stylistically, the facades of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf were finished without decorative elements.
In the final version, an initial glance reveals the decorative motif of the band below the eaves. A careful analysis leads to the conclusion that this band has been wholly geometrized, and that it is composed of negative tetrahedrons, an outspread version of a motif seen on capitals(10).
All three essential elements of the modelling of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf – the solid base; the freely executed volumes of the upper storeys executed by means of a wall that was then sharply perforated by the windows and the counterpoint of the wooden loggia; and the powerful volume of the roof that simply covers the whole, suggest that this is a pure example of the Bosnian style, disregarding certain compositional discoreds on the ground floor wing facing Džemaludin Čaušević street(11).
With the construction of the south wing, the building of the Provincial Vakuf and now the headquarters of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate, this unique historic ensemble was completed. The simple design consists of a ground floor and a typical Bosnian upper storey(12).
The designer sought to supplement the existing composition of the Bosnian style with the logical continuation of the simple wall facade and the analogous counterpoint of the fenestration and continuation of the roof with the same pitch, shape and height, without disrupting the harmony that had already been achieved.
The result is a building that is perceived as a single architectural and compositional whole, although it consists of two buildings physically separated by an interior wall.
3. Legal status to date
The building of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate (the Hadim Ali pasah vakuf) is on the Provisional List of National Monuments of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments under serial no. 546, as part of the overall heading of the Urban Townscape of Sarajevo.
4. Research and conservation and restoration works
There is no information pertaining to any specific research and conservation/ restoration works on the property. The works that have been conducted on the property since it was first built are of the nature of routine buildings maintenance, including the renovation of the facades and roof and certain interior refurbishments which had no effect on the authenticity of the property.
The most recent works of this kind were carried out in the mid 1980s.
5. Current condition of the property
The building of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate (the Hadim Ali pasah vakuf) is in excellent condition. Damage to the building caused by a direct hit to the west façade of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf between the second storey and the roof eaves on 2 May 1992 was successfully made good. A few days later the roof of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf was hit on the north side, facing Mis Irbina street. This relatively minor damage to the property was also successfully made good, temporarily in 1992 and finally, by means of minor building works, immediately after the peace agreement was signed. The only visible effects of the damage is shrapnel holes on the west façade of the property.
Minor works were also sufficient to repair the damage caused by a direct hit to the east façade of the building, facing onto the inner courtyard.
During an on-site visit it was found that the roof, flashings and guttering have not been properly maintained, resulting in leaks in part of the attic space. In addition, damage to the east façade of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf facing the inner courtyard can be seen, which has allowed water to penetrate into the building. This is particularly the case with the housing unit on the second floor of the building.
6. Specific risks
- failure to take protective measures
- adverse effects of precipitation
III – CONCLUSION
Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument (Official Gazette of BiH nos. 33/02 and 15/03), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above.
The Decision was based on the following criteria:
A. Time frame
B. Historical value
C. Artistic and aesthetic value
C. i. quality of workmanship
C.iii. proportions
C.iv. composition
C. v. value of details
D. Clarity (documentary, scientific and educational value)
D.iii. work of a major artist or builder
D. iv. evidence of a particular type, style or regional manner
E. Symbolic value
E.iii. traditional value
E.v. significance for the identity of a group of people
F. Townscape/ Landscape value
F.ii. meaning in the townscape
F.iii. the building or group of buildings is part of a group or site
G. Authenticity
G.i. form and design
H. Rarity and representativity
H.i. unique or rare example of a certain type or style
I. Completeness
I.i. physical coherence
I.ii. homogeneity
I.iii. completeness
The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:
- Copy of cadastral plan
- Copy of land register entry and proof of title;
- Photodocumentation;
- Drawings
Bibliography
During the procedure to designate the monument as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:
1933/34 H. Kreševljaković, „Gazi Ali-paša, a ne Hadim Ali-paša“ (Gazi Ali pasha, not Hadim Ali pasha), Novi behar, nos. 11-14, p. 171, Sarajevo, Archive Holdings of the Gazi Husrefbey Library.
1988 B. Spasojević, Arhitektura stambenih palata austrougarskog perioda u Sarajevu (The Architecture of Austro-Hungarian Mansions in Sarajevo), Svjetlost, Sarajevo.
1997 N. Kurto, Sarajevo 1492-1992, Oko, Sarajevo.
1998 N. Kurto, Arhitektura Bosne i Hercegovine – Razvoj Bosanskog stila (The Architecture of BiH – Development of the Bosnian Style), Cultural Heritage series, Sarajevo.
2003 Mehmed Hrasnica, Arhitekt Josip Pospišil – život i djelo (Architect Josip Pospišil, His Life and Works), Acta Architectonica et Urbanistica, Sarajevo.
2004 I. Krzović, Arhitektura Secesije u Bosni i Hercegovini (Architecture of the Session in BiH), Cultural Heritage series, Sarajevo.
Technical documentation
1885 Blueprint for the Vakuf Commission – Archive Holdings of the Gazi Husrefbey Library, Islamic Community of BiH BiH, ZVK-5/212/885
1897 General site plan of 1897 for the building including the construct9ion of the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf – Historical Archives of BiH
1910 Instalaterski blueprints for the Hadim Ali pasha vakuf – Planning Institute of Sarajevo Canton
1910 Blueprint for the new building of the Provincial Vakuf in Musala street – Historical Archives of BiH
1975 Architectural drawing of the building of the Rijaset of the Islamic Community of BiH and Vakuf Directorate (Hadim Ali pasha vakuf), eng. H. Hasibović, eng. M. Ibrišimbegović – Archive Holdings of the Gazi Husrefbey Library, Islamic Community of BiH
(1) These park areas were integrated into the existing town planning context and are an example of the social-realism architecture of the second half of the 20th century.
(2) B. Spasojević, Arhitektura stambenih palata austrougarskog perioda u Sarajevu, p. 13, Svjetlost, Sarajevo 1988.
(3) In the 1860s the Ottoman authorities were already showing signs of this kind of town planning development with the construction of the Military Hospital near the Magribija mosque. Housing units were then built by the hospital, so that even before the arrival of the new authorities Sarajevo had already spread almost as far as Marijin-dvor ( Ibid, p. 13)
(4) In 1880 a separate Buildings Ordinance, the Bauordnung, entered into force, replacing the Ottoman Buildings and Roads Act of 1863. In 1893 a new Buildings Ordinance was enacted, retaining the old provision that alterations and building works could be carried out only with the permission of the relevant authorities. The old provision on the widening and regulation of streets was also retained, as were the provisions on building and construction methods. This decree finally extended the Buildings Ordinance to the entire area of the city, not merely the centre, as had been prescribed by the 1880 act. These regulations did not entirely meet practical needs, particularly as regards the number of storeys permitted. As a result, in 1909 an initiative was launched by the municipal authorities to amend the regulations, and a proposal was submitted to the Provincial Government. On account of a concatenation of circumstances, the new law was never adopted, and the 1893 Buildings Ordinance officially remained in force, but the initiative on the part of the authorities certainly had an impact on later building theory ( Ibid, pp. 15 and 16)
(5) Josip Pospišil was born in 1867 in Nahošovinica in Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic). On completion of his studies at the Vocational School in Brno in 1887, he enrolled at the Fine Arts Academy in Vienna. A restless spirit, he soon dropped out, and from then on worked at irregular intervals in various studios around Europe, before returning to his academic studies. His first contact with Bosnia was when he took up a post in the technical bureau in Tuzla. Pospišil's creative peak is associated with his time in Sarajevo, from 1908 to 1918, the year he died in Sarajevo, leaving behind an enviable body of work. Of particular importance is his study of the architectural heritage of the peoples of BiH. He worked with architect Josip Vancaš, and was one of the leading proponents of the Bosnian style, an original and modern architectural expression of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mehmed Hrasnica, Arhitekt Josip Pospišil – život i djelo, Acta Architectonica et Urbanistica, Sarajevo 2003.)
(6) The confusion over the designer came about because all the designs emerging from this architect's studio are ascribed to the managing director of the joint stock company, Josip Vancaš, who was himself a designer (Ibid, p. 164)
(7) H. Kreševljaković: "Gazi Ali-paša, a ne Hadim Ali-paša" Novi behar nos. 11-14, pp. 170 and 171, Sarajevo 1933/34. Other authorities, such as M. Hrasnica, Arhitekt Josip Pospišil - život i djelo, pp. 164 and 165, Acta Architectonica et Urbanistica, Sarajevo 2003, and N. Kurto, Sarajevo 1462-1992 p. 97, Oko, Sarajevo 1997, refer to this building as the „Hadin Ali-pasha vakuf“, while is incorrect, judging both from H. Kreševljaković's work and from the title deeds, where the property is listed as the „Hadim Ali-pasha vakuf“. Later N. Kurto himself rectified his error in his Arhitektura BiH – razvoj bosanskog stila, p. 265, Kulturno naslijedje, Sarajevo 1998, where he calls the property the „Hadim Ali-pasha vakuf.“
(8) Although Vancaš regarded himself as the exclusive initiator of the Bosnian style, it should be said that in 1904, following a study tour of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ernst Lichtblau, a pupil of Wagner's, had already produced a design with elements of the Bosnian style: the high ground floor of the house; the terraced approaches; the elaborately conceived exterior treatment with considerable emphasis on greenery; the careful incorporation of the fenestration into the whole taking strict account of the rhythm of the windows; the high, pyramidal roofs; and the pure light wall faces. All in all, the elements and proportions were taken from old Bosnian houses and incorporated into the new standards. These drawings were executed in the Secession manner, with pure geometric forms, in line with the doctrine typical of Wagner's school of architecture.
Lichtblau even went a step further. He attempted to give universal meaning to this new, seemingly local, experimental architectural expression, by designing a villa in Vienna in the full spirit of the Bosnian style, giving this architectural expression European and universal legitimacy. Ernst Lichtblau did not describe his designs as expressions of the Bosnian style, but in effect worked along those lines (I. Krzović, Arhitektura Secesije u Bosni i Hercegovini, pp. 191 and 192, Cultural Heritage series, Sarajevo 2004.)
(9) B. Spasojević, op.cit. n. 3, p. 54
(10) N. Kurto, Arhitektura Bosne i Hercegovine – Razvoj Bosanskog stila, p. 263, Cultural Heritage series Sarajevo 1998.
(11) Ibid, p. 264,
(12) N. Kurto is of the view that the design that was carried out is not a mere addition but a complete compositional concept giving the whole a Secessionist flavour by the introduction of a strict organization, parapets and horizontal bands (N. Kurto, Sarajevo 1492-1992, p. 97, Oko, Sarajevo 1997.) It is difficult to believe that architects who had dedicated their most productive years to the creation of the Bosnian style would deliberately confuse architectural vocabularies.
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