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Decisions on Designation of Properties as National Monuments

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60th session - Decisions

Ferhad Pasha mosque (Ferhadija) in Banja Luka, Ferhad Pasha turbe, Safi-kaduna turbe, turbe of Ferhad Pasha's bajraktars, fountain, mosque graveyard and surrounding walls and portico (site and remains of architectural ensemble)

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Status of monument -> National monument

             Pursuant to Article V para. 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Article 39 para. 1 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, at a session held from 6 to 12 May 2003 the Commission adopted a

 

D E C I S I O N

 

I

 

            The site and remains of the architectural ensemble of the Ferhad paša mosque – Ferhadija and  graveyard in Banja Luka is hereby designated as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the National Monument).

            The national monument was erected on cadastral plots nos. 4365/1, 4363, 4344, cadastral municipality Banja Luka, entered in land registry under no. 21, Banja Luka Municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The national monument consists of the Ferhad paša mosque, the Ferhad paša turbe, the Safi-kaduna turbe, the turbe of Ferhad paša's bajraktars (standard bearers), the fountain, the mosque graveyard and surrounding walls, and the portico.

            The provisions relating to protection and rehabilitation measures set forth by the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska no. 9/02) shall apply to the National Monument specified in the preceding paragraph.

 

II

 

            The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible for ensuring and providing the legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary to protect, conserve, display and rehabilitate the National Monument of the Ferhad paša (Ferhadija) mosque and graveyard in Banja Luka.

            The Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the Commission) shall determine the technical requirements and secure the funds for preparing and setting up signboards with the basic data on the monument and the Decision to proclaim the property a National Monument.

 

III

 

            The Government of Republika Srpska shall be responsible in particular for enforcing the following measures:

Ÿ          the building of the Ferhad paša – Ferhadija – mosque in Banja Luka shall be reconstructed on its original site, in its original form as to proportions, volume and décor, with the identical horizontal and vertical dimensions, and the use of original or the same type of material and original building methods, on the basis of evidence preserved in situ or found elsewhere;

Ÿ          conducting research works to determine the system that was used for the foundations of the minaret,

Ÿ          carrying out repairs and consolidation of the original parts of the foundations and walls,

Ÿ          all original fragments of the demolished building found on the site or on other sites to which they were removed after the demolition of the building must be assembled, registered, photographed and reintegrated into the reconstructed building by the method of anastylosis with the use of traditional building materials and binders (mortar) and building techniques. Until such time as they are so reintegrated they must be properly protected;

Ÿ          fragments that are too badly damaged to be rebuilt in shall be appropriately conserved and displayed as part of the structure;

Ÿ          all usable material shall be built into the reconstructed Ferhad paša (Ferhadija) mosque,

Ÿ          missing elements for which there is documentation on their original condition shall be reconstructed on the basis of existing documentation from material that is the same or of similar origin by the method of repristination;

Ÿ         on the plots adjacent to the plots nos. 4365/1, 4363, 4344 the only construction permitted is that of single storey buildings of a maximum height of 3.50 m. to the base of the roof structure and with maximum dimensions of 4 x 10 metres.

 

IV

 

            All executive and area development planning acts not in accordance with the provisions of this Decision are to be revoked.

 

V

 

            Everyone, and in particular the competent authorities of Republika Srpska and urban and municipal authorities, shall refrain from any action that might damage the National Monument specified in Clause I of this Decision or jeopardize the preservation and rehabilitation thereof.

 

VI

 

            The Government of Republika Srpska, the Ministry responsible for regional planning in Republika Srpska and the heritage protection authority of Republika Srpska, and the Municipal Authorities in charge of urban planning and land registry affairs, shall be notified of this Decision in order to carry out the measures stipulated in Articles II, III and IV of this Decision, and the Authorized Municipal Court shall be notified for the purposes of registration in the Land Register.

 

VII

 

            The elucidation and accompanying documentation form an integral part of this Decision, which may be viewed by interested parties on the premises or by accessing the website of the Commission (http://www.anek8komisija.com.ba) 

 

VIII

 

            Pursuant to Art. V para 4 Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, decisions of the Commission are final.

 

IX

 

            This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption and shall be published in the Official Gazette of BiH and the Official Gazette of Republika Srpska.

 

            This Decision has been adopted by the following members of the Commission: Zeynep Ahunbay, Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Dubravko Lovrenović,  Ljiljana Ševo and Tina Wik.

 

Chairman of the Commission

Amra Hadžimuhamedović

No: 08.2-6-533/03-8

7 May 2003

Sarajevo

 

E l u c i d a t i o n

 

I – INTRODUCTION

            Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Implementation of the Decisions of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments, established pursuant to Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a “National Monument” is an item of public property proclaimed by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments (hereinafter referred to as the Commission) to be a National Monument pursuant to Articles V and VI of Annex 8 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter referred to as Annex 8) and as property entered on the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of  BiH no. 33/02) until the Commission reaches a final decision on its status, as to which there is no time limit and regardless of whether a petition for the property in question has been submitted or not.

            At a session held on 1 July 1999 the Commission issued a Decision to add the site of the Ferhadija mosque to the Provisional List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered as 11.

            Pursuant to the provisions of the law, the Commission proceeded to carry out the procedure for reaching a final decision to designate the Property as a National Monument, pursuant to Article V of Annex 8 and Article 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.

 

II – PROCEDURE PRIOR TO DECISION

            In the procedure preceding the adoption of a final decision to proclaim the property a national monument, the following documentation was inspected:

Ÿ          Documentation on the location and current owner and user of the property (copy of land registry entry, Banja Luka Municipality, with copy of cadastral plan)

Ÿ          Data on the current condition and use of the property, including a description and photographs, data of war damage, data on restoration and other works on the property, etc.

Ÿ          Historical, architectural and other documentary material on the property, as set out in the bibliography forming part of this Decision.

 

            The findings based on the review of the above documentation and the condition of the site are as follows:

 

1. Information on the site

Location

            The Ferhad-paša (Ferhadija) mosque was the central building of the Banja Luka čaršija, and stood close to the Banja Luka Kastel or fort, on a site between the Crkvine (Crkvene) brook and the Vrbas river, in the former Donji Šeher or lower town, on c.p. 4365/1, 4363, 4344, c.m.. Banja Luka, land registry entry no. 21, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Historical information

            In the history of the Ottoman Empire, the sixteenth century was when it experienced its greatest military and political ascendancy.  This was a time when many families from Bosnia and Herzegovina gave the Empire prominent statesmen, military leaders and vakifs (endowers).  Among these families, those that stand out in particular are the Sokolović, Ajaspašić, Boljanić, Hercegović, Jahjapašić, Karaosmanovići, Kopčić, and Malkoč familes, to name but a few.  The family that enjoyed the greatest power and reputation is the Sokolović family.  The best known and most influential member of the family was Mehmed–paša, on whom much information has survived while very little is so far known of Ferhad-paša Sokolović.  His date of birth remains unknown; all that is known is that when he was killed in 1590 he was at the peak of his manhood (Bašagić, 1986, p. 356). On the basis of this known date of birth it may be said that Ferhad-paša was born between the third and fourth decades of the sixteenth century (Filandra, 1999, p. 700).  In 1566 the Porte appointed him as the sanjak-bey of the Klis sanjak, which marked the start of his full engagement.  He served so well that in 1574 he was appointed as Bosnian sanjak-bey.  That same year he came with a large escort to Banja Luka, which had been the seat of the sanjak-bey since 1553.  By 1574, Ferhad-paša had already endowed many buildings in Hrvace, Zemunik near Zadar, Livno, Kostajnica, Dobrun, Kratovo, Svinjar and Vrana (Zlatar, p. 115).

            His most valuable buildings, however, were those he erected in Banja Luka, where he built a total of 216 buildings between 1579 and 1587.  Perceiving that the old Varoš (Gornji Šeher or upper town) was confined in the Vrbas valley and could expand no further, he began to build the Donji Šeher.  Here he built the fortress which originally served as an arsenal.  With Ferhad-paša Sokolović, a new chapter in the development of Banja Luka began.

            On 22 September 1575, in a battle on the river Radonja in Croatia, Ferhad-paša defeated the army of the Habsburg General Baron Herbert Ausperger.  Ausperger was killed in the battle, and his son Wolf was captured.  According to the Turkish historian Ibrahim Pečevija in his Chronicle of events between 1520 and 1639, Ferhad-paša obtained 30,000 ducats in ransom for him, which he used to build the mosque, mekteb (school), clock tower, fountain, town water supply and the cobbled road leading from old Banja Luka to the Crkvina brook, over which a stone bridge was built.  At the same time a wooden bridge was built over the Vrbas. For the maintenance of his endowments in Banja Luka, Ferhad-beg bequeathed in the vakuf nama or deed of endowment notarized on 25 January 1587 about «200 shops, many landholdings, one caravanserai, a hammam, a mill on the Vrbas, a large granary, and a serai in which the Bosnian valijas or governors will reside while ruling Banja Luka.»

            While carrying out the works on the mosque and surrounding buildings, Ferhad-paša also continued building the Banja Luka čaršija, in which he built a bezistan or covered market (suq), and a medresa in the immediate vicinity of the mosque.

            One of the co-signatories to Ferhad-paša’s vakufnama was his senior official Hasan Tefterdar, who built for himself and his wife the Arnaudija mosque, 500 metres from the  Ferhadija. With his ferman of 2 December 1587 Sultan Murat III exempted „the inhabitants of the kasaba of Banja Luka from the payment of all taxes and duties because of the proximity of their kasaba to the serhat (frontier)“.

            Ferhad-paša died in Buda in 1590 from his wounds, and his body was brought to Banja Luka so that he could be buried, as was his wish, in a turbe or mausoleum by the mosque. In his travelogue, Evlija Ćelebi was already describing the Ferhadija in 1660 as „like the imperial“. There is no written data about the builders who erected the mosque.

            In his Ferhadija u Banjaluci (Ferhadija in Banja Luka),  Džemal Čelić came to the conclusion from analysing the architecture of the Ferhadija that the foreman of the works was from Istanbul, from the school of Koca Mimar Sinan, since the mosque has certain similarities with Mimar Sinan's Muradiye cami (mosque) in Manisa, which dates from 994 AH or 1585 CE.

At the end of Ferhad-paša's vakufnama two dunđers or builders (who worked as both carpenters and stonemasons) appear as witnesses: Hadži Nezir and Deli Spahija, and it is very likely that both were part of a larger group of builders who worked on the mosque.

            According to the tarih or chronogram engraved on stone above the entrance, the mosque was completed in 987 AH or 1579 CE, at the time when Ferhad–paša was Bosnian sanjak-bey. The poet Sipahi wrote the tarih over the entrance portal, in which he described the mosque as a «place of worship of great beauty built in the name of Allah by Ferhad Bey».

Ovu velelebnu Bogomolju podizem u ime Allaha

Dobrotvor Ferhad - Beg pomagač vijernika.

Zednim macem uklesa u mramor svoje junačko ime.

Sa ratnim imetkom podiže dobro taj odabrani muž.

Sipahi prispjevši građevini reče joj kronogram:

U ime Allaha sagrađeno je ovo mjesto za vjernike.

 

Legal status to date

            By Ruling of the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina the building was placed under state protection and entered in the register of cultural monuments.

            The Regional Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina to 2002 listed the Ferhad-paša mosque in Banja Luka as a Category I building under serial no. 38.

           

2. Description of the monument

            The architectural ensemble of the Ferhad-paša (Ferhadija) mosque consisted of the mosque itself, the mosque courtyard, the graveyard, the fountain, turbes or mausolea, and the surrounding wall with entrance portal.

            At first the mosque courtyard was surrounded by a wall with canopy roof.  The original wall was pulled down after 1884 and a more massive wall with portal and drinking fountain was built.  This new wall was partly of masonry and partly of wrought iron.

            In the mosque courtyard there was a šadrvan or ablutions fountain with a stone basin and twelve pipes in a circle.  The water for the fountain was brought from Pavlovac, from a spring that is still to this day known as Šadrvan.  Above the stone basin was a decorative wrought iron trellis, and in the nineteenth century a wooden baldaquin and dome and painted attic in the so-called Turkish baroque style was added.  The baldaquin was demolished in 1955.

            The Ferhad paša mosque differed in its spatial treatment from the architectural type of mosque that was usually built in this region from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in other words mosques of the so-called Istanbul style.  Those mosques have a single space with a single dome roofing the entire prayer space and three smaller domes covering the sofas.  This mosque had a more advanced ground plan which resulted in its spatial articulation as a multi-domed system.  The central area of the mosque was entered through open sofas with four round stone columns linked by stone arches.  The capitals of the columns were richly decorated with geometric stalactite forms.  On the north-west wall, symmetrically in relation to the entrance, were two small stone mihrabs for performing prayers on the sofas as well.  The sofas were roofed with three domes, the central one somewhat higher than the side domes so emphasizing the entrance to the mosque.

            In front of the sofas there was once a portico surrounding the mosque on three sides, which had a pitched roof resting on ten stone columns of which the capitals and bases were not so finely worked as those of the main portico.

            The outer portico was 4.50 metres wide and thus also served as additional prayer space, once it had been walled in in the nineteenth century.  At that time 18 windows were pierced, terminating in round arches, and the stuccoed facade was adorned with shallow archivolts.  When Banja Luka was bombed in 1944 this outer portico was destroyed, but the remains of the columns survived until 1993.

            The Ferhad-paša  mosque measured 14.47 x 18.33 metres including the sofas, and had massive stone walls up to 120 cm. thick.

            The light and very recognizable interior consisted of a central area and two lateral extensions, and a raised area where the mihrab was.  This disposition of the ground plan of the mosque was reflected in the roof structure.  The two extensions were covered by vaults, while the area of the mihrab had a semi-dome.  Over the central area was a dome on a drum transferring the weight to structural arches by means of pendentives. The only other mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina with similar treatment to this is the Gazi Husref-beg mosque in Sarajevo.

            Four depressed arches were set in the interior of the mosque, three of them free-standing and the fourth abutting onto the north-west wall of the mosque.  Two arches divided the central area from the side extensions, and one divided the mihrab from the prayer space.  In order to obtain a round, not an elliptical dome, the builder had to resolve the rectangular space of the mosque to an approximate square.  This was achieved by dropped consoles on part of the wall about 25 cm above the rise of the depressed arches and the arch above the mihrab, as well as the arch abutting onto the interior portal wall.   The drum was high to emphasize the area of the relatively small dome.

            There were twelve windows in the dome of the Ferhad-paša mosque, and five on the semidome, which at its height emerged from the interior into the curved surface of the dome structure or semidome.  From the exterior they were vertical.  These windows were at once time adorned with stone transennas with multicoloured glass. In the lower part there were ten windows, two rectangular ones on each facade with richly moulded stone frames and iron bars on the outside and wooden shutters on the inside.  There were also two niches. In the upper reaches of the mosque there were twelve window apertures ending in depressed arches.

Stalactite decoration was used in the treatment of the capitals of the columns and in the treatment of the small, symmetrically places niches of the small mihrabs.  These were also decorated with rosettes.  The interior of the domes of the portico was not particularly decorated, other than the central dome which had finely moulded ribs.  The pendentives were stuccoed, and on those surfaces there were merely line frames following the form of the pendentives.

            The most characteristic feature of the mosque was its portal, composed of a richly moulded tuff frame, standing out from the body of the wall and decorated above with a cornice of flamboyantly carved alternate small and large trefoil motifs.  The door, which was lower than the exterior frame, was set in jambs of finely polished red stone linked by a segmental arch.  Floral motifs in two shades of red stone set alternately were the most striking feature of the entrance door.  Above the mosque door was a stone plaque with engraved verses from the Qur'an (sura 62 ayat 10) and a stone tarih or chronogram with details about the erection of the mosque above the plaque with the Qur'anic verses. All this was framed by two pointed tuff arches creating a very distinctive impression. The door was of oak decorated with geometric motifs.

            The stone cornices were a significant element of the decorative stone on the building and were richly moulded.  A particular detail of the decorative stone treatment was the lightly inset exterior corners of the mihrab, with stalactite decoration in the form of mukarnas.

            The mihrab, as the central feature of the mosque, was emphasized in height and had a smooth interior surface.  It was finished with seven rows of stalactites narrowing progressively towards the top, where there was a golden pommel.  There were two decorative floral elements to the sides of the mihrab.  The rounded part of the mihrab niche was framed with hourglass motifs that also appeared on the outer edges of the framing part of the mihrab.  The mihrab was thus differentiated from the body of the wall.  Above the decorative pommel was a Qur'anic text (Sura al-Baqara, part of ayat 144).  The upper part of the surround of the mihrab was decorated with a crown with stylized buds, and the entire surface had intertwining tendrils.  There is no data on the authentic pigments.

            The other significant feature of the mosque was the minber, which was made of stone and consisted of steps, entrance section and baldaquin.  The entry to the minber was made to the model of Istanbul mosques, with a segmented arch of red stone resting on slender columns.

            The Ferhat-paša mosque had a mahfil that was asymmetrically placed, abutting onto the entrance wall on one side and on the north-east wall and five marble pillars on the other.  Two stone stairways led to the mahvil.

            The minaret was on the south-west side of the mosque and had a separate entrance.  The barrel of the minaret was octogonal and in part joined to the mosque wall.  The outside part of the barrel was decorated with stone frames emphasizing its polygonality. The internal stone stairway had 128 treads and led to the šerefe, the railing of which was richly decorated with geometric motifs and rested on the cornice of the console and dropped stalactite decorations.  The minaret was made of limestone blocks bonded with lime mortar and held together by horizontal iron clamps set in lead.  The minaret was twelve-sided and was 42.70 metres in height without the alem.  The šerefe was at a height of 28.9 metres, and the masonry part of the minaret ended at a height of 35.2 m.

            Alongside the mosque were three mausoleums or turbeta, which formed a triangle in ground plan with the mosque at the centre.

Ferhad-paša's turbe

            This turbe was built before 1590, and Ferhad-paša was buried in it when his body was brought back from Buda.  As well as his own burial vault it also contained that of his grandson or son.  The turbe was to the right of the entrance to the mosque and partly projected into the street.  It belonged to the group of monumental domed turbes dating from the sixteenth century.  The turbe had an octagonal ground plan with the transition to an octagonal drum effected by pendentives.  Over the drum was a dome made of tuff covered with sheet metal. The walls were of regular cut stone, with stylistic and decorative treatment somewhat more modest than that of the mosque.  The entrance part of the turbe was particularly emphasized and was the finest part of the structure.  Above the entrance was a plaque with an inscription that was destroyed a long time ago. All the windows of the turbe were rectangular in form and framed with dressed stone, while above them were blind depressed arches in shallow relief.  On the four wall surfaces were four windows with wrought iron bars.  A specific feature of the structure was the circular apertures facing the street, with wooden mušebak or lattice.  The assumption is that these apertures were made by Dubrovnik master craftsmen who took part in building the mosque.

«The value of the turbe was not in the detail of the treatment, but above all in the general design, in which all the surfaces and elements harmonized with the structure and the entire environs, and in the spaciousness of the interior that the founder had aspired to.» (Biško, 84.-85).

Turbe of Ferhad-paša's bajraktars

            The second turbe was built close to the entrance to the courtyard on the front side of the mosque to the right of the fountain.  Here were two wooden coffins covered with fabric, which were later removed.  The turbe is not referred to in Ferhad-paša's vakufnama, but was certainly made immediately after his death.  It was repaired on several occasions but its appearance was not significantly altered.  In basic design, disposition of apertures and form, it was fairly similar to Ferhad-paša's turbe, although more modest in the way it was built and in decorative treatment.  In this case cut stone was used only for the windows with rectangular frames, and the blind rounded arches above them had only a decorative function.  The turbe was octagonal with a dome of which the load was transferred to the walls by pendentives.  In this case, not sedra (tuff) but lauš, a local marly limestone, was used to build the dome. On three sides there were three windows in a row with prominent arches on the exterior and interior.  These arches were of various forms – rounded, pointed and segmented.  The entrance door is modest.

Turbe Safi-kadune

            To the left of the mosque was a smaller turbe in which Ferhad-paša's granddaughter was buried. The turbe was octagonal, smaller than the other two and covered with a wooden pyramical roof with plain tiles.  The assumption is that it dates from the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century. The chief material used in building this turbe was stone and split wood. The turbe was partly walled with stone blocks and partly with rough-cut stone with lime mortar binder, without the use of iron cramps.  On three facing sides were three square windows with pronounced pointed arches.  The windows had round wrought iron bars. To the left of the entrance to the turbe was a small wooden dolaf or cupboard. The wooden roof was flat with a wooden slat (šiše) ceiling.

 

3. Research and conservation and restoration works

1737 – fire in the building,

1917 – lead roofing removed,

1920 – a thin layer of cement was laid over the dome of the Turbe of Ferhad-paša's bajraktars or standard-bearers, and then covered with galvanized iron

1944 – the building was damaging by bombing which destroyed the outer portico and the upper part of the minaret

1951 – 1954 – works on renovating the fountain:

-         repairs to the roof and pillars of the baldaquin and removal of layers of paint from the stone and metal parts,

-         repairs to the roof tiles and new roofing,

-         repairs to the walls to make good the damage from bomb shrapnel by intercalation of slabs of old tuff and pointingn with a mixture of ground stone and cement milk,

-         repairs to the cornice,

-         repairs to damage to the part of the minaret above the šerefe or balcony,

-         cleaning the nišan tombstones in the mosque graveyard

1955 – removal of the baldaquin from the fountain,

1957 – wooden scaffolding erected from which the arches of the portico were underpinned to replace dilapidated pillars,

1959

-         stonemasonry work on the pillars completed,

-         work on the turbes completed;

Ferhad-paša's turbe

-         dome covered with galvanized iron

-         windows replaced

-         removal of interior plaster and application of several layers of new

-         painting the interior with distemper

-         painting the woodwork with oil paint

-         repairs to the walls damaged by shell shrapnel by interpolation of slabs of old tuff and jointing with blend of ground stone and cement milk

 

Turbe of Ferhad-paša's bajraktars

-         consolidation of the dome by filling the cracks with cement mortar and fitting reinforced concrete rings around the dome,

-         dome covered with galvanized iron, windows replaced,

-         removal of interior plaster and application of several layers of new

-         painting the interior with distemper

-         painting the woodwork with oil paint

-         repairs to the walls damaged by shell shrapnel by interpolation of slabs of old tuff and jointing with blend of ground stone and cement milk

-         decking floor set on concrete base.

 

Turbe Safi kadune

-         replacement of dilapidated wooden roof structure

-         covering roof with double layer of biber tiles

-         rebuilding exterior of south wall

-         windows replaced

-         removal of interior plaster and application of several layers of new

-         painting the interior with distemper

-         painting the woodwork with oil paint

-         repairs to the walls damaged by shell shrapnel by interpolation of slabs of old tuff and jointing with blend of ground stone and cement milk

-         decking floor set on concrete base.

 

1960

-         repairs to base of pillars by working stone blocks of greater resistance

-         making system to raise the portico structure

-         replacing the portico pillars

-         making and fixing iron stretchers to portico

 

1969 – major earthquake in Banja Luka in which the Ferhad paša mosque was damaged.

Following this, as part of repair works, the minaret was repaired, the upper part of the which above the šerefe of which had fallen onto the central dome, badly damaging it.  After making the missing elements, the interior of the lower part of the minaret was fitted with steel tension cables.  At the same time the damage to the minaret was repaired, and horizontal reinforced concrete rings were fitted to the central dome and the smaller domes.

 

1988/89 – a structural repair project was drawn up and implemented by a civil engineer from Slovenia, M. Ribnikar.  The walls of the mosque were had diagonal holes drilled in them by an anti-vibration drill; the holes were then injected to stabilize the walls.

 

4. Current condition of the site

            The building was demolished and razed to the ground in 1993 and all the material removed from the site.

1993, 6 May: start of demolition of the building

1993, 7 May: start of removal of material from the building

1993, 8 May: remains of  Ferhadija razed

1993, September: graveyard and surrounding wall of the harem destroyed,

1996, 16 October: clearing of the site of Ferhadija continue; poplars planted, various material removed from the site.

 

III   CONCLUSION

            Applying the Criteria for the adoption of a decision on proclaiming an item of property a national monument, adopted at the fourth session of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments (3 to 9 September 2002), the Commission has enacted the Decision cited above. The Decision is based on the following criteria:

A.  Time frame

B.  Historical value

C.  Artistic and aesthetic value

C. i. Quality of workmanship

C.ii. Quality of materials

C.v. Value of details

C.vi. structural value

E. Symbolic value

E.ii. Religious value

E.iii.Traditional value

E.iv. Connection with rituals or ceremonies

E.v. Significance for the identity of a group of people

F. Landscape value

F.i. Relation to other elements of the site

F.ii. meaning in the landscape

F.iii  The building or group of buildings is part of a whole or region

G. Authenticity

G. i. Form and design

G. ii. Material and content

G. iii. Purpose and use

G. iv. Tradition and technique

H. Uniqueness and representativity

H.ii. Outstanding artistic or architectural work

 

            The following documents form an integral part of this Decision:

-         Copy of cadastral plan

-         Copy of land register entry and proof of title;

-         Photodocumentation;

-         Drawings

           

            The documentation annexed to the Decision is public and available for view by interested persons on written request to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 

Bibliography

            During the procedure to designate the site and remains of the Ferhad-paša (Ferhadija) mosque in Banja Luka as a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina the following works were consulted:

 

Andrejević, Andrej, Islamska monumentalna umjetnost 16 vijeka (Islamic Monument Art of the 16th Century), Institute for the History of Art, studies 6, Belgrade 1984

 

Ayverdi, Ekrem Hakki, Ferhadija džamija u Banja Luci (Ferhadija mosque in Banja Luka) Ayrupa da Osmanli mimari  esse Istanbul, 1981

 

Bejtić, Alija, Banja Luka pod turskom vladavinom (Banja Luka under Turkish Rule), Naše Starine I, pp. 91-121, Sarajevo 1953

 

Biško, Mato, Konzervacija objekata u kompleksu Ferhadije džamije u Banjoj Luci (conservation of buildings in the Ferhadija mosque complex in Banja Luka), Nase  starine  VII, str. 81-89, Sarajevo 1960

 

Ćelebi, Evlija, Putopis (Bosnian translation of his travelogue) pp 212- 213, Sarajevo 1967

 

Ćelić, Džemal,  Ferhadija u Banjaluci (Ferhadija in Banja Luka), ed. Society of Conservators of Bosnia and Herzegovina, series D, no. 143. Sarajevo 1968, 6

 

Džaja, M. Banja Luka u putopisima i zapisima (Banja Luka in travelogues and notebooks), p 13.

Faculty of Architecture, Sarajevo, Study, Principles and Methodological Approach to Renovation of the Ferhad-paša mosque in Banja Luka, Sarajevo, 2002.

 

Fučić, Mladen.  Konzervatorski zahvat na Ferhad-pasinoj džamiji u Banjoj Luci (Conservation works on the Ferhad-paša mosque in Banja Luka), Naše starine I, pp 117-121, Sarajevo 1953

 

Gušić, Bedrudin, Okupacija Banjaluke (The Occupation of Banja Luka), Oslobođenje, 16- 23. March 1995 pp. 16,17

 

Hangi, Antun,  Banjaluka i okolica (Banja Luka and its environs), School Herald no. 10, pp 56-57, Sarajevo 1903

 

Knoll, Dr. Petar,  O muslimanskoj umjetnosti u Bosni (On Muslim Art in Bosnia), Književnik II, Zagreb 1929

 

Kreševljaković, Hamdija,  Esnafi i obrti u Bosni i Hercegovini III dio - Banja Luka i manji obrtni centri (Guilds and Crafts in BiH part III – Banja Luka and lesser crafts centres), p 30, Sarajevo  1961

 

Muftić, A. Moshee und Stiftung Ferhad Pasa´s in Banja Luka (Ferhad Paša mosque and endowment in Banja Luka, Leipzig, 1941

 

Mujezinovic, Mehmed, Islamska epigrafika Bosne i Hercegovine (Islamic Epigraphy in BiH), Sarajevo 1977, pp. 503- 504

 

Selman. Prof. Mehmed, Banjaluka - Uspomena i stvarnost sa Mejdana (Banja Luka – Memory and Reality from Mejdan), Travnik 1997



Ferhad paša mosque in Banja Luka, photo from 1934Ferhad-paša mosque, view at the dome and the minaretWork on the minaret in 1951The porch of the Ferhadija mosque
Cross-section of the Ferhadija mosque (from <i>Principi i metodološki postupak za obnovu Ferhad-pašine džamije u Banja Luci</i>)Ferhad paša mosque, the Ferhad paša turbe and the porticoFerhadija (Ferhad-paša) mosque in Banja LukaFerhad paša mosque before the II WW
Ruins of the complex of the Ferhad-paša mosque in 1993The site of the Ferhadija mosque, photo from 2003Complex of the Ferhad-paša mosque, aerial viewFerhad-paša mosque, portico and the pillars, M.Hamidović 1961.
Interior of the Ferhad-paša mosqueMihrab and mimberInterior of the mosque, decoration on the domeDrinking fountain
Ferhad paša turbeTurbe of Ferhad paša's bajraktarsSafi-kaduna turbeThe site and remains of the complex of the Ferhad-paša mosque
The site and remains of the Ferhad-paša mosqueRemains of the Ferhad-paša mosqueThe minaret and the Ferhad-paša turbe during the destructionFragments at the garbage dump
Fragments of the Ferhad-paša mosque   


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