|
PART 4
4. KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES
This section describes
the ten key issues that form the basis of a Management Plan, together with a range
of related objectives.
4.1. Identification and confirmation of issues
In producing the Management Plan, the vulnerability of the Bridge was
considered and the key issues for the preservation of the Bridge significance
were identified.
The following should be central for future management of the Bridge:
¾
Conservation Management
¾
Management of environmental influences
¾
Planning and policy framework
¾
Traffic management
In addition to the central key issues there are further 6 issues that the
Management Plan addresses the following:
¾
Access and visitor management
¾
Research management
¾
Education
¾
Information management
¾
Management Structures
¾
Sources and levels of finance
4.2. Issue 1.: Conservation Management
The aim of Conservation Management is preserving the existing stage of the
Bridge from destruction and change, involving actions to prevent decay and
prolong its life.
In order to preserve the authenticity and integrity of the Bridge and its
setting, the following actions are hereby proposed:
¾
Maintenance of the Bridge fabric,
¾
Monitoring stability elements and
research of materials,
¾
Research results on stability and
materials will provide information to the future management,
¾
Prescribing guidance for future
interventions.
Assessment of Bridge
Condition
Through gaining visual insight into the condition of the Bridge in the
period between 2003 and December 2005, through video material relating to the
condition of the underwater part of the pillars taken in 2004, and through
gaining insight into the existing technical documentation, the following has
been established:
¾
Distortion of head walls and
sedimentation of calcium hydroxide on the head walls are evident.
¾
A long existence of the bridge has not
had an adverse effect on the authentic structures and materials.
¾
Based on underwater recordings it is
obvious that there are damages to the foundation footings. Parts of footings
have been broken off, i.e. stone blocks have been broken. Apart from that,
joints in the foundation footing are open and without mortar in places.
¾
Roadway construction, the pavement of
small cobble stones between pillars II and VII, was laid down into a sand layer
and over a base made of broken stone in 1952, while, on the remaining part of
the Bridge, it was laid down over the authentic cobble pavement.
¾
Distortions of head walls and fractures
along joints and undamaged stones have been registered, mainly on the part of
the Bridge that was reconstructed in 1952.
It has been established that erosion of pillars causes the greatest damage
to the Bridge.
A detailed analysis of individual
elements of the Bridge is shown in Table 1.
|
No.
|
Part
of the
Bridge
|
Description
|
Demages
and causes
|
Proposal
for intervention
|
Level
| |
1.
|
Foundations
|
Based
on the available
data
it is assumed that,
originally,
the pillars
were
laid by way of a
system
of short
wooden
piles, a
grillage
made of oaktree
girders
and large
blocks
of dressed
stone,
connected with
iron
joints. In the
period
between 1911
and
1912 the pillars IIV
were
repaired using
the
system of wooden
planks
and
underconcreting.
Pillars
V, VI, and VIII
were
repa ired in the
period
between 1979
and
1981 by way of
injecting
and
underconcreting,
and
by
placing AB pillar braces.
|
Parts
of foundation
footings
and stone
blocks
have been
broken
off. On pillars
II,
III, IV and VII there
are
larger cavities on
the
places where
foundation
footings
and
base are in
contact,
which has
been caused
by pulling
out
the contact basis
and
stone blocks.
Joints
in the
foundation
footing are
open
and lacking
mortar
in some places.
Damages
are most
evident
on pillars III,
IV
and VII (planks
from
the Austro-
Hungarian
time slowed
down
erosion). Pillar I
has
no major damages
since
it lies on a solid
rock.
The cause of
damages
is the
influence
of water and
long
existence of the
Bridge.
Structural
repair
with
the goal to
prevent
damage
propagation
and
stabilize
the Bridge.
|
Structural
repair
with
the goal to
prevent
damage
propagation
and
stabilize
the
Bridge.
|
High
| |
2.
|
Pillars
|
Original
pillars were
built
of stone blocks
connected
with joints
and
having a filling
made
of stone scraps
in
lime mortar. Visible
parts
of pillars III-VI
(reconstructed
from
the
foundation footing
upwards
in 1952) are
made
of dressed stone,
while
the filling is
made
of concrete.
|
Minor
local damages
reflecting
in smaller
stone
blocks being
broken
off. Mortar
from
the joints has
partly
been washed out
due
to dissolution of
lime
from the mortar.
The
cause of damages
is
the influence of
water,
atmospheric
agents,
mechanical
effects
and long
existence
of the Bridge.
|
Structural
repair,
conservation
and
restoration.
Local
repair
required in places where
blocks
are falling out.
|
High
| |
3.
|
Arches
|
The
arch structures
have
two clearly
separate
parts. The
original
structure
stretching
from pillar
VII
to the right bank
and
from pillar II to
the
left bank pillar is
made
of coarse tufa
ashlar
in lime mortar.
The
filling of the
reconstructed
part is
made
of dry-laid crushed stone.
|
Minnor
local damages
and
sedimentation of
calcium
hydroxide that
is
more evident on the
reconstructed
part. The
cause
of damages was
the
use of inadequate
materials
in the course
of
reconstruction and
the
influence of
atmospheric
agents.
|
Conservation
|
Medium
| |
4.
|
Head
walls
|
The
arch structures
have
two clearly
separate
parts. Original
structure
is made of
stone
blocks in lime
mortar.
|
Evident
is the
following:
minor
distortion,
sedimentation
of
calcium
hydroxide,
washing
out of joints
and
appearance of
small
plants (more on
the
authentic part),
which
is caused by the
influence
of
atmospheric
agents
and
frost.
|
Conservation
|
Medium
| |
5.
|
Roadway
construction
|
Fine
cobbles in size
8x8,
placed into sand
on
the reconstructed
part
and over the
original
cobble
pavement
on the
authentic
part of the bridge.
|
Distortions,
retention
of
atmospheric water,
which
increases its
penetration
and which
is
caused by
mechanical
effects and
atmospheric
agents.
|
Consider
the
possibility
to
reconstruct
the
authentic
lining,
cobble
pavement,
which
has been
preserved
on the
original
part of
the
bridge under
the
existing
lining.
Archaeological
research
must
precede.
|
High
| |
6.
|
Bridge
filling
|
On
the reconstructed
part:
coarsely
arranged,
dry-laid
crushed
stone. On the
original
part: crushed
stone
in lime mortar.
|
Distortions
on the
reconstructed
part,
caused
by mechanical
effects
and penetration
of
atmospheric water.
|
Structural
repair.
|
High
| |
7.
|
Fence
|
Stone
blocks in lime mortar.
|
In
good condition,
apart
from minor
washouts
of joints and
breaches
of smaller
stone
blocks caused by
mechanical
effects.
|
Conservation
works.
|
Low
| |
8.
|
Niche
|
Stone
blocks in lime mortar connected with iron joints.
|
In
good condition.
|
Conservation
works.
|
Low
| |
9.
|
Ramp
|
Stone
blocks in lime mortar connected with iron joints.
|
In
relatively good condition.
|
Conservation
works.
|
Low
| |
10.
|
Immediate
surrounding
|
River
banks and immediate surrounding.
|
Banks
are run down
due
to years long
negligence.
|
Horticultural
arrangement
of
banks.
|
Medium
|
Until 1966 the pillars of the Bridge were exposed to constant influences
of the Drina River in its natural flow, and from that time until today they
have been exposed to the influences of the hydroelectric power plant Bajna
Bašta, and later of the hydroelectric power plant Višegrad. Changes to the
riverbed, regime of the current and transport of river deposits have caused
such changes that have manifested themselves in form of cavities. On several
occasions measures have been taken to repair and remove them. Three pillars,
out of the total of nine, were repaired in the period between 1979 and 1982.
Even at that time damages were observed on the non-repaired pillars, whose
propagation, under the influence of the Drina River flow, has followed during
the last twenty years.
The following protection measures have been taken:
¾
Traffic ban (decision of the
Commission, decision of the Municipality).
¾
Planned research works and survey of
the current situation, based on which the required level of conservation
interventions shall be defined.
Objectives
Based on the analysis of the structural condition and the influences upon
the Bridge, the following
objectives are hereby
defined:
1.1. Safeguarding of
Bridge integrity;
1.2. Establishing
stability and general condition of the Bridge;
Measures defined to achieve the objective 1.1, Safeguarding of Bridge
integrity, are as follows:
1.1.1. Monitoring
stability of structural elements.
1.1.2. Monitoring
environmental influences (elaborated in Issue 2.3.).
1.1.1. Monitoring stability of structural elements
Influences on the damages to the Bridge are ambiguous, and over time,
individually or together,
depending on their
nature, intensity and duration, they have caused damages to the Bridge.
Inadequate maintenance contributes to the propagation of the existing
damages and the appearance of the new ones.
Construction of a new bridge, one kilometre downstream, has created the
possibility of permanent protection from heavy traffic load.
Regular maintenance, involvement of the responsible authorities and the
local community, as well as education of inhabitants, are of exceptional
importance.
Permanent contacts with the hydroelectric power plant Višegrad are
necessary for the purpose of taking the needed measures to protect the
stability of the Bridge. The tasks have been described in Issue1.
Continuous annual funds are to be provided in the Budget of the RS
Government for maintenance purposes.
A programme for continuous Bridge maintenance and permanent monitoring of its
vital elements
needs to be timely
prepared.
A monitoring system needs to be established for the purpose of monitoring
the performance of
certain parts of the
Bridge. The monitoring system is based on a series of polygon points and bench
marks for precise levelling and monitoring of movement. It includes a detailed
visual inspection of the Bridge.
Key indicators signalling a change in the Bridge condition and a threat to
its structural stability are as follows:
|
Indicator
|
Periodicity
|
Location of records
| |
Stability or degree of
movement of structural
elements.
|
|
Bridge Commission is
obliged to submit to
the
Commission to Preserve
National Monuments all
monitoring reports
regularly
during a year, and an
annual
monitoring report every
year.
| |
1. Foundations
1.1. Foundation
footings of
pillars II, III, IV and
VII –
breach level of stone
blocks.
1.2. Foundation
footings of
pillars III, IV and VII
–
erosion level of
joints.
|
Once a year
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
| |
1.3. Contact between
foundation footings and
base
in pillars II, III, IV
and VII -
level of cavity
expansion.
|
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
| |
2. Pillars
Pillars III, IV and VII
2.1 – Erosion level of
stone
blocks and joints.
|
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
| |
3. Arches
Arches between pillars
II to
VII
3.1. – Level of damage
to
stone joints.
3.2. – Level of
sedimentation
of calcium hydroxide.
|
Once a year
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
| |
4. Head walls
4.1. Head walls on both
sides
– level of distortion.
4.2. Level of
sedimentation
of calcium hydroxide.
4.3. Level of washing
out of
joints.
|
Once a year
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
| |
5. Roadway
construction.
5.1. – Level of paving
distortion.
5.2. – Level of water
retention.
|
Once a year
|
- Institute for the
Protection
of Cultural, Historical
and
Natural Heritage of
Republika Srpska.
- Municipality of
Višegrad.
|
Requirements
The monitoring means are indicated in the Conservation Management, but
they also include processing of the monitoring results. After completing
research works the monitoring needs to continue and the Government of Republika
Srpska has to provide in its annual budget the amount for continuous monitoring
of the Bridge stability and the surrounding factors that have influence upon
the Bridge.
Responsible authorities are listed in Table 1.
Activities
The Bridge Commission has to integrate the monitoring results and report
to the Commission to
Preserve National
Monuments on a regular basis.
In case the monitoring results indicate a change of situation, as for
example worsening of the stability of Bridge elements, the Bridge Commission has
to inform the Commission to Preserve National
Monuments thereof without
delay.
After being informed of the change of situation the Commission to Preserve
National Monuments
has to inform all
relevant authorities, the Government of Republika Srpska and the Ministry for
Spatial Planning of Republika Srpska, and request legal measures to be taken
(Law on Environment Protection).
Objective 1.2.
Establishing stability and general condition of the
Bridge
Measures to achieve this goal are as follows:
Stage 1. Preparing
documentation needed for research work
Stage 2. Research works
on materials and condition of the construction
Stage 3. Processing
research and monitoring results
Stage 4. Presentation
According to the Preliminary Technical Assessment of the Bridge made in
2005 (see Annex I), the following activities are to be undertaken:
Stage 1. Preparing
documentation needed to design the project for research works
¾
Collection and detailed analysis of the
existing documentation
¾
Geodetic survey of the current condition,
including:
¾
Profile of the riverbed
¾
Situation
¾
Cross sections
¾
Longitudinal section
¾
Downstream and upstream façade
¾
Details (stone blocks in arches, string
course, local damages, etc.)
¾
Location of all installations
¾
Architectural survey of the current
condition, including the following:
¾
Downstream and upstream façade with
precise geometry
¾
Longitudinal sections with elements
from the geodetic survey drawn in
¾
Cross sections
¾
Details (stone blocks in arches, string
course, local damages, etc.)
¾
A detailed record of all damages (using
drawings made during the survey)
¾
Collecting data on speed of the river
under each arch
Stage 2: Research works
on materials and condition of the construction
¾
Geodetic and geomechanical survey on
the type of materials, pillar positions and river banks
¾
Determining condition in the area above
the extrados of the arch
¾
Determining condition of the intrados
of the arch
¾
Determining condition of the underlying
base and foundations of the pillars
¾
Determining condition in the enclosed
places
NOTE: All research works include: Physical and
chemical analysis of the materials with pathological description and static and
petrology analysis of the construction materials used.
Stage 3. Processing research results
¾
Design of the hydrological study
¾
Design of the preliminary static
analyses
¾
Conclusions and recommendations
Stage 4. Presentation
¾
Illumination of the bridge
Requirements for stages 1 and 2
Further work required:
¾
A detailed survey to complete the
existing documentation and make the following one,
¾
A detailed survey and analysis of the
structure and the current condition to make an evaluation of the Bridge,
¾
Research works and evaluation of the
Bridge needed for the preparation of the structural repair project,
conservation project and for providing more certainty in regard to costs.
Further work required for completing/preparing documentation and
evaluation of the Bridge include the following:
Stage 1. Preparing documentation needed to design the
project for research works
¾
Collection and detailed analysis of the
existing documentation (archives, libraries, institutes, etc)
¾
Geodetic survey of the current
condition, including:
¾
Profile of the riverbed
¾
Situation
¾
Cross sections
¾
Longitudinal section
¾
Downstream and upstream façade
¾
Details (stone blocks in arches, string
course, local damages, etc.)
¾
Location of all installations
¾
Architectural survey of the current
condition, architectural drawings in scale 1:100, 1:50, 1:25, including:
¾
Downstream and upstream façade with
precise geometry
¾
Longitudinal sections with elements
from the geodetic survey drawn in
¾
Cross sections
¾
Details (stone blocks in arches, string
course, local damages, etc.)
¾
A detailed record of all damages (using
drawings made during the survey), architectural
¾
drawings in scale 1:25, 1:10, 1:5
¾
Collecting data on the quality of water
and the speed of the river under each arch
Stage 2. Research works on materials and condition of
the construction
¾
Geodetic and geomechanical survey on
the type of materials, pillar positions and river banks (making enquiry boring
from pavement till river rock with analyze of samples)
¾
Determining condition in the area above
the extrados of the arch (making trial excavation, analyzing waterproof and
other layers and materials – bonding and stones)
¾
Determining condition of the intrados
of the arch (including montage of inquiry scaffolding)
¾
Determining condition of the underlying
base and pillar foundations (making embankment and determining the condition of
at least two pillars, one never repaired and one repaired in 1982.)
¾
Determining condition in the enclosed
places (taking samples and making analysis of all materials and structures)
Staffing level required
Experts required for all the above-mentioned works are:
¾
Architect conserver
¾
Stone conserver
¾
Landscape architect
¾
Civil engineer
¾
Structural engineer
¾
Structural analyst
¾
Archaeologist
¾
Art historian
¾
Geodesist
The time limit for the preparation of documentation and execution of
research works is approximately 12 months.
Table 2.
Stage 1. Preparing documentation needed to design the
project for research works
|
Collection and detailed
analysis of the existing documentation
| |
Geodetic survey of the
current condition
| |
Architectural survey of
the current condition
| |
A detailed record of
all damages (using drawings made during the survey)
| |
Collecting data on
speed of the river under each arch
|
Stage 2. Research works on materials and condition of
the construction
|
Geological and
geomechanical study of the types of materials used on
pillars and buttresses:
Test drillings from
roadway to substrate layer (rock),
Process samples,
Report.
| |
Determine condition in
the area above the arch extrados:
Excavate test shafts at
previously agreed positions
Determine strata and
details:
Hydro insulation –
study condition,
Infill – study physical
and chemical characteristics of the materials,
Inner side of spandrel
walls – study condition,
Upper side of stone
arch – study condition, take and test samples,
ascertain possible
presence of metal cramps.
| |
Determine condition of
arch intrados:
Determine possibility
of erecting temporary scaffolding in certain places,
Erect scaffolding as
previously agreed,
Study condition of
stone blocks and joints.
| |
Determine condition of
pillar base and structure foundations:
Identify positions and
technical options for constructing cofferdams; the
aim being to study the
condition in at least one pillar position yet to be
repaired and in at
least one pillar position repaired in 1980/81,
Issue tender, collect
bids, select contractor and make final decision on
places where cofferdams
are to be built,
Carry out cofferdam
works.
Determine condition in
enclosed areas with emphasis on:
Detailed survey of
damage,
Taking samples of
materials and testing to identify physical, chemical
and biological
characteristics,
Determine condition of
previously repaired foundations,
Determine condition of
timber grillage,
Investigate existence
of timber piles,
Additional underwater
survey of remaining areas.
| |
Take samples and test
materials from the Višegradska Banja quarry.
|
Stage 3. Processing research results
|
Design of the
hydrological study
| |
Design of the
preliminary static analyses
| |
Conclusions and
recommendations
|
Stage 4. Presentation
|
Design of the
illumination
|
Recommendations for
future management
Based on research results and the results of monitoring the Bridge
condition it will be possible to
define the level of
bridge stability and recommend future interventions.
When taking interventions one needs to be guided by the following strategy:
Although the Bridge has gone through numerous modifications and
interventions over time, its original structure and appearance is still
preserved. All modifications that have not affected the appearance and
significance of the Bridge should be respected as a part of the history of the
Bridge.
The project should aim at reducing or taking at acceptable level all
causes endangering the structural integrity of the Bridge.
“All conservation treatments should guarantee the protection of the
authenticity of the Bridge, prolonging duration of its integrity and preparing
it for interpretation”. (Management
Guidance, pg. 60).
“Balanced judgement, based on a hierarchy of resource values and a
systematic process of evaluation, is therefore essential for the establishment
of an appropriate conservation methodology and treatment strategy.” (Management Guidance, pg.60)
UNESCO experts are to be included in processing research results and
defining the conservation
methodology and treatment
strategy.
4.3. Issue 2.: Management of environmental impacts
Negative influences upon the Bridge are various and changeable. The most
important negative influence upon the Bridge at this moment is the influence of
water. By developing industry, building new infrastructure (roads, bridges,
waterworks, sewage systems, etc.), developing tourism and other kinds of activities,
new potentially negative influences upon the Bridge shall appear. In order to
prevent the negative influences it is necessary to plan a system of identifying
and monitoring environmental components and the components that can have some
influence upon the environment. Based on a well-established monitoring system
and a good database such activities can be planned that would prevent or reduce
the negative influence of environment upon the Bridge.
The main goal of the Plan of measures aimed at reducing the existing and
potential negative influences of environment upon the Mehmed-paša Sokolovic
Bridge is the following:
¾
Ensure acceptability of the Plan having
regard to the identified negative influences.
¾
Provide an effective implementation of
reduction measures.
¾
Identify authorities responsible for
the implementation of the Plan.
¾
Provide monitoring of the
implementation of recommended reduction measures.
¾
Regular monitoring and reporting on the
environment situation and the measures taken.
Apart from the mentioned goal the Plan of reduction measures also
identifies the needs for
¾
Education in environment protection and
protection of cultural and historical heritage, to be provided for both local
inhabitants and a wider community.
Issue 2.1.: Floods and operation of hydroelectric
power plants
Influence of floods on
the Bridge
The largest river of this area is the Drina River, bridged by the
Mehmed-paša Sokolovic Bridge. The Drina River emerges from the confluence of
the Tara and Piva Rivers. It flows from the South to the North. The Drina is
the largest affluent of the Sava River, which flows into the Danube and belongs
to the Black Sea Basin. The river is 341 km long. The surface of the river
basin amounts to 19,570 square kilometres, the amount of precipitation is
700-3000 mm, the average specific run-off is 19 l/s/km², and the average flow
rate at the mouth 425 m³/s. One kilometre downstream from the Bridge there is
the mouth of the Rzav into the Drina, i.e. the border part of the accumulation
of the hydroelectric power plant Bajna Bašta, which reaches the very Bridge.
The Rzav River has the characteristics of a torrent river, thus carrying large
amounts of water into the accumulation of the hydroelectric power plant Bajna
Bašta during great precipitations.
The area of Višegrad records several great floods, of which the greatest
took place in 1896, when the level of the Drina rose to 1.60 m above the
Bridge.
So far three hydroelectric power plants have been built on the Drina
River: the hydroelectric power plants of Višegrad, Bajna Bašta and Zvornik. If
properly handled the accumulations of the hydroelectric power plants of
Višegrad and Bajna Bašta can serve as compensation accumulations, which would
take great waters during exceptionally high precipitations.
Goal 2.1.1.: Prevent or reduce floods
Floods can largely damage the Bridge, they can have a negative influence
on the Bridge structure, its stability and appearance, and they can destroy the
bank area of the Drina, i.e. the protection zone of the Bridge. These elements
cannot be influenced in that they would be eliminated, however, with a good planning
system flooding in the Bridge zone can be prevented in that the
hydro-accumulations would serve as compensation dams. In case the water inflow
is such that the hydro-accumulation cannot take all the waters, it is necessary
to have a plan of urgent measures aimed in the first place at protecting the
Bridge. The implementation of these plans is not possible without a good system
of early warning and reporting, as well as without a good coordination between
all relevant bodies of authority of the Municipality of Višegrad, especially
the coordination with the hydroelectric power plants Višegrad and Bajna Bašta.
Reduction measures: Flood prevention plan
in cooperation with the hydroelectric power plants Višegrad and Bajna Bašta,
setting up of an early warning system, flood defence plan.
Tasks:
¾
Prepare a flood prevention plan.
¾
Elaborate an early warning and
reporting system.
¾
Prepare a flood defence plan and a
system of urgent measures with special regard to the Bridge protection.
¾
Elaborate a plan of coordination
between civil protection and the hydroelectric power plants within the flood
defence system.
Goal 2.1.2.: Ensure adequate regime of operation of the
hydroelectric power plant Višegrad
The hydroelectric power plant Višegrad is located upstream from the
Bridge, around 2.5 kilometres away from the town of Višegrad. The hydroelectric
power plant Višegrad is a free-flow power plant with three aggregates, having
the nominal power of 50 MW. The useful volume of the accumulation is 101 million
m³, the average annual water inflow is 342 m³/s, and the maximum gross fall is 48.16
m. The required ecological minimum for this hydroelectric power plant is 50
m³/s.
If properly handled the accumulations of the hydroelectric power plant
Višegrad can serve as compensation accumulations, which would take great waters
during exceptionally high precipitations.
For the purpose of evacuating the ten-thousand-years-old waters (Q 10,000
=5,325 m³/s) overflow fields are located on the dam, with segment bolts for
regulating the amount of overflow waters. This significantly reduces the flood possibility
in the area of Višegrad. The accumulation also keeps the waste that the
precipitation waters carry along (during great precipitations waters used to
carry along big pieces of wood, stones and even logs up to the Bridge).
In case of improper use, untimely reaction to the appearance of high
waters and failure to maintain the ecological minimum the hydroelectric power
plant Višegrad can cause significant damage to the Bridge, threaten the flora
and fauna of the Drina River and disturb the appearance of the Bridge and its
protection zone. This goal has been especially emphasised since the
hydroelectric power plant Višegrad has not been issued the usage permit and
periods of exceptionally low water level on the stretch between the Bridge and the
power plant were registered in 2004. The tasks relate to the harmonisation of
the plans, without which there can be no adequate flood defence, and to the
obligations, which form a constituent part of the construction permit and which
have to be checked in the usage permit.
Reduction measures: Standardized water
release regime, taking great waters during spring and fall, maintaining the
ecological minimum during droughts.
Tasks:
¾
Harmonize the flood prevention plan
with the plans of the hydroelectric power plant Višegrad.
¾
Harmonize the flood defence plan and
the system of urgent measures with the plans of the hydroelectric power plant
Višegrad.
¾
Commit the hydroelectric power plant
Višegrad to carry out continuous measurements and inform of the amount of water
released from the accumulation, and especially to keep the ecological minimum.
¾
Commit the hydroelectric power plant
Višegrad to prepare a plan for taking great waters and a plan of coordination
with the hydroelectric power plant Bajna Bašta regarding the release of
accumulation waters.
Goal 2.1.3.: Ensure that the public company JP
Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske meets the obligations from the construction
permit
The construction permit for the hydroelectric power plant Višegrad was
issued under the condition that the public company JP Elektroprivreda SR BiH
(nowadays JP Elektroprivreda RS) carries out the regulation of the Drina
riverbed downstream from the dam to the Mehmed-paša Sokolovic Bridge, as well
as to repair the damaged pillars of the Bridge. The company JP Elektroprivreda
Republike Srpske has not met this obligation yet. The Decision designating the
Mehmed-paša Sokolovic Bridge a national monument committed the Government of
Republika Srpska to meet this condition through the competent ministry before
the issuance of the usage permit. The trial run permit expired on 1 August 1991
and the hydroelectric power plant Višegrad has not been issued the usage permit
to date.
Reduction measures: Regulation of the
riverbed and repair of pillars in accordance with the obligations from the
construction permit.
Tasks:
¾
Carry out the regulation of the Drina
riverbed downstream from the dam to the Mehmed-paša Sokolovic Bridge.
¾
Support repair of the Bridge pillars in
accordance with the requirement from the construction permit and results from
the research works (see issue 1).
Goal 2.1.4.: Preventing negative influence of the Bajna
Bašta accumulation
The reversible hydroelectric power plant Bajna Bašta, which is located on
the territory of Serbia and Montenegro, goes into the territory of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, with its accumulation of 130 million m³, and reaches the
Mehmed-paša Sokolovic Bridge. The influence of the hydroelectric power plant
Bajna Bašta is strong. The Bajna Bašta accumulation threatens the stability of the
Bridge, causes erosion of pillars and disturbs the appearance of the Bridge by
reducing the visible height of the pillars
The accumulation of the hydroelectric power plant Bajna Bašta is by 1.5 m
higher than planned in
the project. The
accumulation waters splash against the Bridge, which causes constant
oscillation of the water flow, threatens the stability of the Bridge, causes
erosion of Bridge pillars and disturbs the visual impression of the Bridge.
According to the researches carried out in the eighties of the last century, it
is precisely the oscillation of water of this hydroelectric power plant that
causes the greatest damage to Bridge pillars. Since, after the breakdown of
Yugoslavia, the hydroelectric power plant Bajna Bašta has been located on the
territory of another country, it is necessary to conduct negotiations with the
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro regarding the reduction of the
accumulation level to the planned one, and after that prepare a plan for
repairing the damaged bank area. The reduction of the accumulation level would
reveal the magnific ence of the Bridge and its pillars.
Reduction measures: Reduction of the
accumulation level to the planned one.
Tasks:
¾
Interstate agreement to regulate the
reduction of the level of the Bajna Bašta accumulation to the planned one.
¾
Prepare a plan to repair the
accumulation bank area in case of reducing the level of the Bajna Bašta accumulation
to the planned one.
¾
Prepare a plan to repair the Drina bank
downstream from the Bridge after the reduction of the accumulation level.
Issue 2.2.: Prevention of potential negative
environmental influences on the Bridge
Goal 2.2.5.: Prevent growth of grass and weed in fractures
and joining of Bridge stone blocks
The bank area in the protection zone of the Bridge has been untended and
is mainly covered with self-grown vegetation. Grass and weed grow from
fractures and joining of stone blocks on the surface of the Bridge, especially
on its flank sides, and mainly on the fence.
The appearance of grass and weed in the Bridge fractures and between stone
blocks can significantly contribute to their cracking and continuous corrosion,
as well as to disturbing the appearance of the Bridge. Grass and weed have to
be cleared in such a way that their physical removal does not cause new damage
to the Bridge, or corrosion and change in the appearance of its stone structure
due to the use of chemicals. The Bridge has to be cleared of grass and weed
regularly by way of applying adequate methods defined by experts.
Reduction measures: Removal of grass and
weed.
Tasks:
¾
Prepare a plan for clearing the Bridge
of grass and weed.
¾
Define the best way to remove grass and
weed, with the least possible usage of chemicals (herbicides).
Goal 2.2.6.: Set up waste management system
Disposing waste on irregular places and improper handling of waste creates
a negative aesthetic impression. The Public Utilities Company is also in charge
of cleaning public areas, which includes cleaning of the Bridge and its
protected zone. There are neither sufficient waste containers in the protected
zone of the Bridge, nor adequate containers and bins for the collection of
various kinds of waste. There are no bins for a separate collection of
household hazardous waste (batteries, medicines, etc.). An incorrect relation
of the population towards waste is evident, which causes waste disposal on
green areas, on the Bridge, on the riverbank, etc. Picnickers often leave their
waste on the places where they stayed during the day. Leaving waste on green
areas or next to containers attracts rodents during the night and they, looking
for food, spread the waste even more.
Reduction measures: Containers, bins,
selective waste collection, regular waste collection, control.
Tasks:
¾
Prepare a plan for the collection and disposal
of waste.
¾
Develop a system of selective waste
collection.
¾
Provide technical equipment for the
Public Utilities Company.
¾
Increase the number of sanitation
workers.
¾
Strengthen control through the
introduction of environmental police and through more effective work of
inspections.
Goal 2.2.7.: Reduce negative influence of snow and ice on
usage and maintenance of the Bridge
Snow cover and ice formation during the winter have an influence upon the
safe usage of the Bridge. The Bridge is paved with stone plates, which are
extremely slippery even during the minimum black ice.
The goal is to enable a safe usage of the Bridge during the wintertime.
The winters in Višegrad are severe, with low temperatures and often with
abundant snowfalls. The Bridge is paved with stone plates, which are extremely
slippery even during the minimum black ice. The goal is also to avoid the
destruction of the stone surface of the Bridge by using abrasive and aggressive
agents. Therefore the winter road service needs to be adequately equipped
(devices usually used for cleaning pavements, supporting equipment: shovels,
brooms, thawing agents) and personnel educated as to the importance and
specific features of bridge maintenance.
Reduction measures: Regular cleaning,
strewing with sand, salt and adequate ice thawing agents.
Tasks:
¾
Ensure equipment and funds for the
winter road service for the purpose of bridge maintenance.
¾
Include bridge maintenance in the Plan
of activities of the Public Utilities Company as a priority.
¾
Educate personnel as to the specific
nature and importance of regular maintenance of the Bridge and the Bridge
protection zone.
Goal 2.2.8: Retain the quality of the Drina River water in
Višegrad and prevent jeopardizing the current quality
The Drina River is a clean river, rich in fishes. Its flow towards
Ljubovija is an original and natural
habitat of the huchen,
which is protected specie. The huchen is a fish that lives only in clean
waters, which have rather low temperature and are rich in oxygen. This fish is
very sensitive to pollution; therefore its presence in the Drina River near
Višegrad may be regarded as an assuring water quality indicator. The water quality
makes the river a good recreational resource (swimming, rafting, etc.).
However, city sewerage inflows the Drina, through the city main drains, or
occasionally, directly. There is a significant number of households which are
not connected to the sewerage, but have individual septic pits. Thanks to the
low population density and average flow of the Drina of approx. 300 m³/s, the
river is being quickly self-cleaned, and its quality, as well as the
biodiversity, are retained. The industrial plants, which could pollute the
river, are presently not operating. There are no, or almost no, industrial
waste waters. The aggravation of the water quality might cause the Bridge and
the river as a whole to induce a negative impression to the visitors, slower
tourism development and reduction of sport activities on the Drina and in the
very vicinity of the Bridge.
The impact of city waste water to the bridge and the protection zone is
low.
Aggravation of the water might occur due to revitalization of existing
industrial plants and/or construction of the new ones, and it would
considerably disparage tourist offer of Višegrad.
Moderating measures: sewerage system, main
drain, waste water treatment plant, water quality control
Tasks:
¾
Connect all waste water flows into the
sewerage system
¾
Bring all sewerage lines from the city
nucleus to the common main drain
¾
Prevent direct inflow of the industrial
waste water to the Drina River
¾
Construct a city waste water treatment
plant
Goal 2.2.9.: Prevent jeopardizing the air quality of the
Bridge and the Bridge protection zone microlocation
Višegrad has the first quality air. War destruction and hindered
rehabilitation of industrial plants eliminated the possibility of air pollution
by inorganic and organic pollutants. Višegrad pollution sources are households
and other buildings being heated by solid fuels, as well as the traffic. These
sources slightly aggravate the air quality. Negative impact is mostly felt when
foggy, and in days of air inversion, when the concentration of black smoke, as
well as the concentration of CO2 and SO2 increase due to burning of wood and
fossil fuels. Višegrad has no thermal power plant. All buildings are being
heated individually. The traffic ban over the Bridge improved the air quality
on the Bridge and in the Bridge protection zone. This ban makes possible for
the visitors to enjoy the Bridge values without necessary inhaling the
automobiles exhausting gases.
The impact of occasional aggravation of the air quality to the Bridge is
low. The traffic ban over the Bridge improved the air quality of the
micro-location.
Tasks:
¾
Plan construction of new communication
roads
¾
Plan construction of the thermal power
plant and connection the buildings to unique heating system
¾
Prevent construction of industrial
facilities in the Bridge vicinity, or on the location from which it would be
spread towards the Bridge, following the wind-rose.
Goal 2.2.10: Follow environmental quality standards when
rehabilitating old industrial plants and construction of the new ones
The industry in the Municipality of Višegrad is poor. Once the most
significant industrial plants for production of paints and lacquers, furniture,
metal industry (ropes, bearings), as well as the construction industry are
presently not in operation and are under the bankruptcy proceedings. In the
situation as it is today, the industrial plants cannot negatively influence to
the Bridge and the Bridge protection zone. What is important, however, for
development of the Municipality of Višegrad, is planning of revitalization of existing
industrial plants, and construction of the new ones. The plans must be in accordance
with the principles of sustainable development.
The impact of the industry to the Bridge is low, but tends to increase.
One cannot stop industrial
development of the
Municipality of Višegrad by mere designation of the Bridge as a national monument,
but may plan development in accordance with the principles of sustainable
development and the environmental protection. The development of industry might
cause significant threat to the environment, pollution of waters, air, soil, of
the flora and fauna, as well as the formed cultural and historical heritage,
including the Bridge and the Bridge protection zone.
Moderating measures: Sustainable
development, application of the best available technologies, following the
environment quality standards
Tasks:
¾
Plan the industry development, having
„clean production“
¾
Apply the best available technologies
(BAT) when planning revitalization of the existing plants and construction of
the new ones
¾
Organize regular monitoring and report
submittal by the plants and facilities operators
¾
Organize training of interested parties
in environmental protection and legal regulations in the field of environmental
protection
Goal 2.2.11.: Plan special protection measures in the case
of infrastructure works in the Bridge protection zone
Construction of infrastructure and works on the infrastructure may be
executed only upon approval of the ministry responsible for physical planning
of the Republika Srpska, all in accordance with the Decision on designation of
the Mehmed-pasha Sokolovic Bridge.
Moderating measures: Planned infrastructure
works in the Bridge zone
Tasks:
¾
Produce a plan of Bridge protection in
the case of infrastructure works
¾
Plan material and technical resources,
which are the least threatening to the Bridge protection zone and the
environment
¾
Produce a plan of rehabilitation of
protection zone damages and its reinstatement
¾
Organize training of the personnel in
protection measures, before commencement of the works
The Table 3. show the Plan of Measures for Moderating the Current and
Potential Negative Environmental Impacts to the Mehmed-Pasha Sokolovic Bridge
in Višegrad
|
Environmental
impact to the
Bridge
|
Moderating
measures
|
Responsible
institutions
|
Costs
|
Remark
| |
Climate
a) snow and ice in
the winter period
|
a) regular
cleaning, covering
with fine
aggregate and
appropriate
defrosting materials
|
a) Public utility
services company;
municipal
inspectorate
|
a) Municipality
of Višegrad
|
a) cleaning of the
Bridge
and the Bridge
protection zone to be
set
as a priority
| |
Waters
a) floods
b)Water discharge
from the HPP
Višegrad
c) neglected
obligations from the part
of the HPP Višegrad (riverbed regulation and
rehabilitation of the Bridge
piers)
d) water level of the
HPP Bajna Bašta
accumulation
e) discharge of the city
waste waters to the river flow
|
a) Plan of flood
prevention, in
cooperation with
the HPP Višegrad
and the HPP
Bajina Bašta,
installation of
automatic call
point system, plan
of flood defence
b) Uniform water
discharge regime,
catching of high
waters in the
spring and autumn
periods,
maintaining
ecological
minimum in the
period of drought
c) Riverbed
regulation and
rehabilitation of
the Bridge piers in
accordance with
the obligation set
forth by the
building permit
d) lowering of the
accumulation
water level to the
designed level,
subject to
agreement with
Serbia and
Montenegro
e) sewerage
system main drain,
waste water
treatment plant,
water quality control
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad, water
inspectorate of the
Republika Srpska
b) Government of
the Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad, water
inspectorate of the
Republika Srpska
c) Government of
the Republika
Srpska, PE
Elektroprivreda of
the Republika
Srpska, water and
building
inspectorate of the
Republika Srpska
d) Council of
Ministers of BiH
and Government
of the Republika Srpska
e) Municipality of
Višegrad, sanitary
inspectorate of the
Municipality of
Višegrad
|
a) Government
of the
Republika
Srpska
b) HPP
Višegrad
c) Government
of the
Republika
Srpska, PE
Elektroprivreda
of the
Republika
Srpska
d) Council of
Ministers of BiH and
Government
of the Republika Srpska
e) Municipality
of Višegrad
|
a) in the period of
high
waters, the hydro power
plants, and especially the HPP Višegrad might serve as a compensatory
accumulation to catch
high waters and prevent
floods in Višegrad, as well as endangerment to the Bridge
b) Innovate existing
plans of the HPP
Višegrad
c) HPP Višegrad has no
work permit
d)interstate agreement
between BiH and SCG
required
e) waste water is, in
most of the cases,
being discharged to the river flow through the drain
| |
Air
a) air quality
threatened by
traffic, industry and
household heating
systems
|
a) traffic ban,
control of
industrial
development,
construction of the
thermal power
plant, and
connection to the
communal heating system
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska,
Municipality of
Višegrad and
responsible
inspectorates
|
a) Government
of the
Republika
Srpska,
investors – to
the industry,
Municipality of
Višegrad
|
a) traffic over the
Bridge
was banned by the
Decision to designate
the Bridge as a
national monument. Possible traffic might be permitted only under special
circumstances and in special occasions.
| |
Soils and soil usage
a) Soil misuse
|
a) Physical plan,
regulation plan of
the Bridge
protection zone
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska,
Municipality of
Višegrad,
responsible city
planning and
building
inspectorate
|
a) Government
of the
Republika
Srpska,
Municipality of
Višegrad
|
a) Physical plan of the
Municipality of
Višegrad in preparation
| |
Flora and fauna
a) grass and weeds
on the bridge surfaces
|
a) removal of
grass and weeds
|
a) Municipality of
Višegrad,
communal
inspectorate
|
a) Municipality
of Višegrad
|
a) within the scope of
activities of the
public
utility services
company
| |
Landscape
a) disorderly
landscape
architecture of the
Bridge protection zone
Waste
a) waste
mishandling
|
a) technically and
horticulturally
landscape the
Bridge protection zone
a) waste bins,
baskets, waste
selection, regular
waste taking, control
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad, responsible inspectorate
a) Municipality of
Višegrad, Public
utility services
company, sanitary
inspectorate
|
a) Government
of the
Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad
a) Municipality
of Višegrad
|
a) present protection
zone condition ruins
aesthetic qualities of
the Bridge
a) strengthening of
awareness regarding
waste management
required
| |
Industry
a) threat to the
quality of
environment (water,
air, soil, flora,
fauna, the cultural
and historical
heritage)
|
a) Sustainable
development,
application of the
best available
technologies,
following the
environmental
quality standards
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad,
inspectorate
services of the
Government of the
RS and the
Municipality of
Višegrad
|
a) Investor
|
a) obtaining the
environmental permit in
the line with the
Environmental
protection Law is an
obligation
| |
Infrastructure
a) Violation to the
Bridge protection zone
|
a) Planned
execution of
infrastructure
works in the zone of
the Bridge
|
a) Government of
the Republika
Srpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad,
responsible
inspectorate
|
a) Government
of the
Republika
Srtpska and
Municipality of
Višegrad
|
a) all works on the
infrastructure are
prohibited by the
Decision to designate
the Bridge as a
national
monument, except in
special occasions
|
Issue 2.3: Monitoring of Environmental Impacts
Monitoring plan include monitoring of environmental impacts to the Bridge:
water quantity and quality, air quality, flora and fauna, and the waste.
Along with the indicators for monitoring of the Bridge stability, the
Table 4. below gives indicators
for monitoring of degree
of the environmental factors impact to the Bridge.
|
Indicator
|
Periodicity
|
Location of records
| |
Rate at which
environmental
elements
threat the property
|
|
Site Commission is
obliged
to submit to the
Commission
to Preserve National
Monuments all
monitoring
reports regularly
during a
year, and annual
monitoring
report every year.
| |
1. Water level upstream
the Bridge
|
Continuously
|
Hydro-meteorological
institute of the RS;
Municipality of
Višegrad
| |
2. Water quality
upstream the
Bridge
2.1 legal parameters
COD
(English abbreviations are
given);
2.2 legal parameters
BOD 5,
pH, and the others (English abbreviations are given)
|
Continuously
|
Waters directorate of
the RS;
Municipality of Višegrad
| |
3. Air
- black smoke level,
SO2,
Nox, O3
|
In accordance with the
law
|
Hydro-meteorological
institute of the RS
| |
4. Bio-monitoring
4.1 growth of flora on
the
Bridge
4.2 growth of weeds in
the 1st
protection zone
|
Every month
|
Public utility services
company;
Municipality of
Višegrad
| |
5. Waste
Depositing of waste on
the
Bridge and in the 1st
protection zone
|
Daily
|
Public utility services
company
|
Requirements
The Conservation management proposes the resources which have been
allocated for monitoring, and also the monitoring results processing. Following
completion of investigation activities, it is necessary to continue with monitoring, and it is the
responsibility of the Government of the Republika Srpska to earmark the amount
within its yearly budget for continuous monitoring of the Bridge stability, as
well as of the environmental factors which impact upon the Bridge.
Responsible authorities are given in table 4.
Activities
Bridge Commission must collect the monitoring results and submit reports
on the regular basis to the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
In the case the monitoring results indicate alteration of the situation,
as it is, for example, aggravated environmental factors impact, Site Commission
must immediately warn the persons, whose activities caused aggravation, and
notify thereupon the Commission to Preserve National Monuments.
Once notified on alteration of the situation, the Commission to Preserve
National Monuments must further notify all responsible institutions, the Government
of the RS, and the Ministry of Physical Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology
of the Republika Srpska and request taking all legal measures (Law on Environmental
Protection).
4.4. Issue 3: Planning and Policy Framework
Legislation and the Planning
Policy
Adequate protection of the Bridge and the impact zone may be realized only
through defined policy in the field of planning. This policy may be implemented
by applying legal regulations, planning procedure and the implementation
mechanisms in practice.
Long-term objectives are as follows:
Objective 3.1. Improvement of legal
regulation pertaining to the field of architectural heritage in the territory
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, which would give raise to:
¾
Categorization of the architectural
heritage,
¾
Defining the protection measures for
the monuments and the environmental ensembles,
¾
Harmonization of legal regulations in
the field of physical planning and other associated fields, in order to uniform
relationship towards the architectural heritage,
¾
Institutional strengthening,
¾
Improvement of expert labour potential
of specialized institutions,
¾
Creation of economic development
suppositions,
¾
Education of inhabitants on
significance of the cultural and historical heritage and the necessity for its
protection,
¾
Development of protection idea, which
would be in line with modern principles,
¾
Harmonization of the planning method
with integral multidisciplinary approach, where the domain of protection of the
cultural and historical heritage would be regarded as equal.
Planning at the Entity Level
Objective 3.2. Fostering protection and
integration of the bridge into planning documentation Considering the urgency
of taking activities on protection of the monument, it is necessary to act in the
direction of creating optimal framework, which would be in line with current
possibilities of our country’s legal, institutional and expert training
education, as well as with positive experience in other countries. Production
of the Management plan represents a base for preparation of further significant
activities with the aim of adequate protection and integration of the Bridge to
the environment.
Finalization of activities on passing of the Physical Plan of the
Republika Srpska by 2015 represents a noteworthy task, which would set a
strategy of approach to solving the problem of protection of the architectural
heritage.
Planning at the Level of the Municipality of Višegrad
Completion of production of the Physical Plan of the Municipality of
Višegrad is also a noteworthy activity, which would underline the importance of
the Old Bridge location in the frame of total potentials at
the municipal disposal,
and result in appropriate valorisation and definition of development
directions.
Planning at the Level of the Town of Višegrad
In order to achieve adequate development of the town, it is necessary to
produce the development strategy, especially in the field of physical planning,
protection of the architectural heritage, environment, development of economy,
etc, which would make a part of informational background for completion of both
the physical plan of the municipality, and the planning plan of the town.
It is necessary to produce Valorisation report of the cultural and
historical heritage of Višegrad, which represents a starting point for all
further planning activities in this area.
The planning plan of Višegrad is a document, whose detailed urban area
plan of purpose of the area in the very vicinity of the Bridge should be
harmonized with the Bridge protection measures and valorization of the values
of the Bridge and the impact zone. At this very level of the planning document,
it is possible to realize protection of the zone around the Bridge against
harmful influence of certain activities.
The planning plan sets basic town traffic network, as well as the ranking
of the communication roads. After determination of the scope of the bridge
rehabilitation works, to the effect of its structural, static and other
technical possibilities, it is necessary to interrogate its role in the town
traffic system, in line with all necessary measures, with the aim of protection
of the monument and its environment.
In order to define detailed regulation elements in the area around the
Bridge, it is necessary to produce regulation plans, which would specify
construction technology and terms, to the effect of determination of the
purpose of the buildings, horizontal and vertical dimensions, forms,
materialisation, forming of street fronts, ground floor and horticultural landscaping,
illumination, elements of urban movable property, and the similar. Riverbank
landscaping should also be adjusted to the environmental character.
Determined protection zone and buffer zone, presented in the Management
plan, propose adjustment of the future construction to the importance of the
location, with the aim of emphasizing its identity. Therefore, it is necessary
to include the protection and buffer zones to the concept of the regulation
plans and all other documents dealing with detailed regulation (town planning
and technical conditions, town planning designs, conceptual designs, technical
documentation, etc.).
In order to approach redesigning of the zone around the Bridge in as a
quality manner as possible, and for the purpose of production of the regulation
plan and more detailed plans, it is necessary to produce a landscaping
programme, which would specify development guidelines, pertaining to the offer
(tourist, restaurants and hotels, cultural, services and trades, etc.), the
conditions of protection of the monument and the environment, relationship to
the central zone, etc.
Because of the utmost significance of the location, it is desirable to
select the most quality solution through the public notice for production of
conceptual architectural design of the complex in the first protection zone.
Regulation Plans
There are no adopted regulation plans for the area around the Bridge. The
fact that there are no detailed regulation conditions for the area around the
Bridge is enough to imply to necessity and urgency of production of landscaping
programme, as well as of defining guidelines for future activities in the zone.
They would regulate, in accordance with defined protection measures of the
existing buildings and the environment, the rules for construction and the way
of landscaping of the free areas.
The act of production of the regulation plan would determine basic
regulation elements for the location, with the regard of its relationship to
the surrounding area (traffic routes, contents of functional
relationship to other
part of the town, infrastructural capacity, etc.).
Regulation plan should, also, define traffic routes, which run parallel to
the Drina River bank, in the regard of improvement of the ir cross section
(width of the traffic lane and the pedestrian path), modernization of the
carriageway, and appropriate drainage of precipitation water. The traffic roads
at the
right river bank should
have adequately solved parking issue, as well as the approach to all structures
and their contents.
Special emphasis should be given to the characteristics of the right river
bank area around the Bridge, where the vehicle and pedestrian traffic flows, at
the widened area, have all characteristics of a square, which was not finally
elaborated. It should be conceptualized by the regulation plan, where solutions
should be proposed for the pedestrian traffic flow, and landscaping of the zone
around the Bridge.
Regulation plan should, as well, define the character of the river bank,
in line with the elements of
hydro-technical
regulation of the water flow. The riverbank should be integrated to the
pedestrian and recreational zone, which would be further connected to the
recreational zone at the mouth of the Rzav River. In the Bridge vicinity, at
the right river bank, rafting head point should be planned – a destination
where the tourists would come immediately from the railway station – after
tourist ride on the narrow-gauge railway line from Vardište and Dobrun, and
continue their journey rafting to the Bajina Bašta, and back.
The regulation plan should take special care to tourist route from the
railway station to the rafting
head point, which should
have a character of a comfortable pedestrian zone, with benches and green
areas, and also restaurants and shops offering souvenirs.
Town Planning Design for the Bridge Protection Zone
Objective 3.3. Improvement of physical
structures in the Bridge surrounding
Apart of the regulation plan for the Bridge protection zone, it is
necessary to produce a planning
design with conceptual
solution for the ground zone around the Bridge, which would be harmonized with conservation
of the Bridge, rehabilitation and reconstruction of the hotel complex and its
landscaping. While doing this, special attention should be paid to landscaping
of the garden and lower terrace of the hotel, which are situated adjacent to
the Bridge, for they have always been significant tourist destinations. While landscaping
this area, it is necessary to insist on natural elements of the autochthonous
plants, and
unobstructed line of
sight to the Bridge.
Guidelines for Production of Town Planning Design for the First Bridge
Protection Zone:
¾
incorporate protection measures from
Clause 3 of the Decision to Designate the Bridge as National Monument (see
attachment Decision),
¾
retain existing frontage line,
¾
technically and horticultural landscape
the riverbanks,
¾
horticultural landscape the green areas
by planting autochthonous plants,
¾
avoid planting high trees, which may
obstruct line of sight to the Bridge,
¾
construct pedestrian (and bicycle)
paths with benches for resting,
¾
provide for continuous pedestrian and
bicycle path from the Bridge to the recreational zone at the mouth of the Rzav
River,
¾
construct gazebo in the level of
traffic communication, with the benches for resting,
¾
incorporate the steps for descending to
the Drina, and a gazebo at the Drina riverbank (for the Bridge view “from
below”), (propose one or two gazeboes),
¾
incorporate gutters and perimeter
channels for drainage of precipitation waters,
¾
tile the streets in the area of the
first protection zone by materials, which would not dominate the area by their
texture, colour, quality and dimensions,
¾
the size, colour, and appearance of all
advertising elements, signs and other markings must not endanger environmental
values nor dominate the area. The signs must not obstruct the line of sight to the
Bridge. The markings should be uniform, in line with the type of signs in the
whole area. It is recommended to produce a report on appearance of those signs,
¾
no waste containers must be placed in
the first protection zone. Waste depositing should be solved in a manner, which
should be defined by solid waste disposal design for the territory of the town.
Town Planning and Technical
Conditions for the First Protection Zone
In the first protection zone on the right riverbank, it is necessary to
rehabilitate the existing hotel, creating in that way a representative catering
building, which would by its interior offer and exterior environment valorize
the Bridge location and the line of sight to the monument.
¾
Natural materials should be used in the
course of restoration works to the hotel.
¾
Horizontal and vertical dimensions of
the hotel should not be changed.
¾
Hotel interior should be adapted in
line with modern needs and equipment.
¾
Neutral façade colours should be
applied, which would not dominate in the environment.
¾
It is possible to propose setting of
pontoon bar on the water below the hotel.
The building adjoining the hotel (marked in the valorisation with number
2) was built in the early 20th century and has its cultural and historical
value; therefore it is necessary to rehabilitate it in accordance with
prescribed protection terms. Considering the fact that it represents a part of
the Bridge history, which was depicted by Ivo Andric in his work, it would be
desirable to establish a museum of the town in that building, whose significant
exhibit would be the collection of documentation on the Bridge construction and
the historical periods the Bridge lived through.
The structures marked with numbers 3, 4 and 5 are necessary to be
reconstructed, in order to increase their height and equal it with the height
of the building number 2. Their architecture and materialization may, however,
display a contemporary spirit.
Individual building downstream the Bridge should be removed, for their
purpose and appearance are not appropriate to significance of the location
where they are situated. This area should be used for construction of business
structures of smaller dimensions and number of storeys, which would be oriented
towards the river and the Bridge. The purpose of these buildings would be
primarily catering, selling of the souvenirs, art ateliers, galleries, and the
similar.
Newly constructed structures should be limited by frontage lines, which
serve to protect the riverbank and preserve it for construction of pedestrian
communications.
Forming and materialization of planned structures should be harmonized
with the Old Bridge environment in a way to increase the values of the Bridge,
which are unique and unequalled in the given area.
The first protection zone should be contained in the envelopment of the
regulation plan R1, which
treats the Bridge and its
close surroundings.
Guidelines for production of the regulation plan R1:
¾
determine the type and purpose of the
structure in such a way to force catering, servicing, trade and tourist offers,
and reduce those structures intended for dwelling,
¾
foresee a museum with a purpose of
display of the Bridge significance and the individuals associated to the Bridge
(the structure number 2 is historically acceptable),
¾
determine the architectural style,
¾
define maximal number of storeys of the
buildings, with the aim of achieving vertical silhouette and quality lines of
sight to the Bridge,
¾
prescribe the appearance of the façade
and the roof (stone, brick, colour of the façade, appearance of the windows,
balconies, roofs: double -pitched or four-pitched, etc.),
¾
foresee the visitors’ parking place,
¾
define infrastructural organization
adjusted to the Bridge vicinity and visitors-oriented (public fountains,
toilets, illumination, direction signs to the Bridge, etc.),
¾
ban construction of industrial
facilities and any activities threatening the environment.
The production of the regulation plan, and all interventions in the first
protection zone should be executed in line with the Commission’s Decision to
designate the Bridge as a national monument.
All interventions must be previously approved by the Ministry of Physical
Planning of the RS and the Institute for Protection of the Cultural, Historical
and Natural Heritage of the RS.
All interventions must be conducted under the supervision of the Bridge
Commission.
Public procurement notice must be announced for the projects in the first
protection zone.
Buffer zone
Bridge First protection zone is a relatively narrow belt close to the
Bridge elevations and steep hillsides, which can be observed from the Bridge.
The environment impact is here obvious, due to physical closeness of the
Bridge, the line of sight, the relationship which was developed between the
existing structures and surroundings and the Bridge, therefore it is necessary
to define broader protection zones, which would have set and defined
construction conditions, in line with the valorisation of the Bridge.
Buffer zone is suggested to enclose 12,2 hectares around the first
protection zone. At the right riverbank of the square area envelops the town
centre zone, which was established to the north of the Bridge, the slope area
with here and there erected structures and a gazebo raised aloft above the
town.
At the opposite side of the riverbank, there is also a defined zone of
elevations and steep hillsides, which can be observed from the Bridge. This
zone is suggested in the aim of protection of natural landscape of broader
Bridge surroundings, which are still not built-up.
This zone should further develop in a way which would respect an
appropriate relationship to the Bridge and improve the urban landscape of the
town. It is necessary to landscape the contact zone, since the structures
influence each other in the space, and it is not enough to give prominence to
significance of the Bridge if the surrounding areas are not at the same time
landscaped in a quality way.
The buffer zone is imposed with the aim to:
¾
provide complete protection of the
first protection zone of the Bridge,
¾
provide for compatibility of purposes
of the areas intended for interpretation of the Bridge and the tourism,
¾
protect the landscape values,
¾
landscape the Drina riverbanks,
¾
determine the protection conditions of
valuable structures, according to the prescribed protection
¾
measures,
¾
improve the appearance of street
fronts, in line with environmental values,
¾
prevent construction of structures,
which would aggravate the environmental values by their appearance,
¾
set the conditions for construction of
new buildings, in line with environmental values and with respect to all
criteria describing the area close to the Bridge as one having the purpose of
affirmation of the monument and its basic values,
¾
set the conditions for installation of
street movable property, infrastructure, illumination….
¾
make the area attractive to both the
local population and the tourists.
In the buffer zone, special attention should be paid to landscaping of
pedestrian and vehicle traffic
surfaces, which form a
square in front of the Bridge. This surface should be paved in a quality
material and upgraded by horticulture elements.
The photographs (Annex IV: AIVd 1, AIVd 2, AIVd 3 and AIVd 4) display the
ambient and physical structure of the buffer zone, which is adjoining the first
protection zone:
The buffer zone at the right riverbank should be treated by two regulation
plans (R2a and R2b), whereas the left riverbank should be treated by the
regulation plan R3.
Envelopment of the regulation plans should be harmonized with the first
protection zone.
See Annex II, AII 8: Map of the Bridge protection zone
See Annex II, AII 9: Map of the Bridge protection zone
Objective 3.4 Management of the
Activities in the Area
In order to adequately realize planned vision of development in the zone
around the Bridge and surrounding impact zones, it is necessary to establish
departments within the town administration, which would adequately process
preparation for production and adoption of various planning documents.
These services would be responsible for implementation of adopted plans;
therefore, following the activities in the space, and sanctioning of illegal
works would be their permanent responsibility. NASTAVAK - FOLLOW UP
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